Opioids are used for acute and chronic pain in patients with sickle cell disease. How outpatient opioid regimens relate to acute care visits is of interest given risks of high opioid doses and high hospital utilization. A prior study by our group suggested outpatient opioid treatment for chronic pain could contribute to a vicious cycle of treatment-refractory acute pain, greater acute care utilization, and escalating opioid doses. This larger naturalistic observational study was undertaken to determine if the results were reliable across multiple acute care settings.
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