Sustained morphine exposure alters spinal NMDA receptor and astrocyte expression and exacerbates chronic pain behavior in female rats.
Authors
Gonçalves SV, Woodhams SG, Li L, Hathway GJ, Chapman V
Abstract
Sustained opioid use has long-term negative impacts on future pain experience, particularly in women. This study aimed to investigate the underlying spinal neurobiology of this clinical observation in an experimental model of joint pain.
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