- Anniversary/History
- Membership
- Publications
- Resources
- Education
- Events
- Outreach
- Careers
- About
- For Pain Patients and Professionals
Differences exist between sexes in pain and pain-related outcomes, such as development of chronic pain. Previous studies suggested a higher risk for pain chronification in female patients. Furthermore, pain catastrophizing is an important risk factor for chronification of pain. However, it is unclear whether sex differences in catastrophic thinking could explain the sex differences in pain chronification.