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Astaxanthin has a beneficial influence on pain-related symptoms and opioid-induced hyperalgesia in mice with diabetic neuropathy-evidence from behavioral studies.
Authors
Ciapała K, Pawlik K, Ciechanowska A, Makuch W, Mika JAbstract
The treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy is still a clinical problem. The aim of this study was to determine whether astaxanthin, a substance that inhibits mitogen-activated protein kinases, activates nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and influences N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, affects nociceptive transmission in mice with diabetic neuropathy.