Papers of the Week

Neuronal electrochemical signals involve the flux of sodium ions through voltage-gated sodium channels (Na) located in the neurolemma. Of the nine sodium channel subtypes, Na-1.7, 1.8, and 1.9 are predominantly located on nociceptors, making them prime targets to control pain. This review highlights some of the latest discoveries targeting Na channel activity, including: (1) charged local anaesthetic derivatives; (2) Na channel toxins and associated small peptide blockers; (3) regulation of Na channel accessory proteins; and (4) genetic manipulation of Na channel function. While the translation of preclinical findings to a viable treatment in humans has remained a challenge, a greater understanding of Na channel physiology could lead to the development of a new stream of therapies aimed at alleviating chronic pain.