- Anniversary
- Membership
- Publications
- Resources
- Education
- Events
- Advocacy
- Careers
- About
- For Pain Patients and Professionals
Epidural analgesia relives pain during labor. However, the long-term effects on neurodevelopment in children remain unclear. We explored associations between exposure to epidural analgesia during labor and childhood neurodevelopment during the first 3 years of life, in the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS), a large-scale birth cohort study.