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2022 Sep 07
World Neurosurg
Non-galenic pial arteriovenous fistulas (NGPAVFs) are rare cerebrovascular pathologies accounting for only 1.6-4.8% of all brain vascular malformations. We performed a comprehensive review of NGPAVF cases reported in the literature to further characterize their clinical patterns of presentation, angiographic features, management, clinical outcomes, and complications.