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Breast cancer has become the most common malignancy worldwide. Experimental and, retrospective, clinical data indicate that anaesthetic technique might influence the risk of metastasis after cancer surgery by modulating the immune system. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of perioperative lidocaine injection on immune cells such as T lymphocytes and natural killer cells (NK cells) and the quality of postoperative recovery in breast cancer patients and to propose new ideas and relevant theoretical evidence for the selection of anesthetic protocols for perioperative tumor patients.