Papers of the Week

This study retrospectively studied the incidence of chronic post-surgical pain (CPSP) following single-stage implant-based breast reconstruction (IBBR) and evaluated the possible risk factors. This was a retrospective cohort study, involving all patients undergoing single-stage IBBR between January and December 2019. The follow-up was completed between January and March 2021. The scores for satisfaction (SS) were based on the BREAST-Q, while the pain burden index (PBI) was used to assess the degree of CPSP. The questionnaires were completed by 159 patients. CPSP occurred in 48.43% of the patients, 2.52% of them being severe cases. Significant predictors for the development of CPSP in the univariate analysis included severe acute postoperative pain (PP), a history of preoperative chronic pain, psychological disorders, SS with the reconstructed breasts, and whether there were any regrets about having had the reconstruction. Multivariate analysis identified severe acute PP (odds ratio (OR) = 2.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.16-6.79, p = 0.023), a history of preoperative chronic pain (OR = 3.39, 95% CI = 1.42-8.10, p = 0.006), and the SS (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.75-0.99, p = 0.034) as being independently associated with the development of CPSP. In subgroup analysis, the PBI of the patients in the SS < 12 group (p < 0.001), the bilateral group (p < 0.01), and the severe acute PP group (p < 0.005) was significantly higher than the PBI of those in the control groups. This study demonstrated a significant incidence of CPSP following single-stage IBBR, and the patients with lower SS of their reconstructed breasts developed more CPSP. Lower SS, bilateral procedures, and severe acute PP were predictors of higher PBI.Trial registration: Registered in Chictr.org.cn registry system on 24 February 2020 (ChiCTR2000030139).