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As an emerging minimally invasive endoscopic technique, unilateral biportal endoscopic spinal surgery (UBE) has the advantages of flexibility, a wide and clear field of view, and less soft tissue damage. However, there is insufficient clinical evidence and controversy regarding UBE for the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). This meta-analysis investigated the clinical efficacy and complications of UBE for the treatment of LSS.