- Anniversary/History
- Membership
- Publications
- Resources
- Education
- Events
- Advocacy
- Careers
- About
- For Pain Patients and Professionals
Spinal fusion surgery causes severe pain. Strong opioids, commonly used as postoperative analgesics, may have unwanted side effects. S-ketamine may be an effective analgesic adjuvant in opioid patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). However, the optimal adjunct S-ketamine dose to reduce postoperative opioid consumption is still unknown.