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DATE PUBLISHED: 2021 Mar
JOURNAL:Pain Physician
PUBMED: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33740362?dopt=Abstract
Volume:24
ISSUE:2
Practice guidelines recommend urine drug monitoring (UDM) at least annually in the setting of chronic opioid therapy as an objective assessment of substance use. However, empirical evidence on who gets tested and how often testing occurs is lacking.