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- For Pain Patients and Professionals
The experience of pain is a complex interaction of somatic, behavioral, affective, and cognitive components. Negative psychological states (e.g., anxiety, fear, and depression) are intertwined with pain and contribute to poorer outcomes for individuals suffering from chronic and acute pain by exacerbating the overall experience of pain and leading to increased dysfunction, disability, and distress. A need exists for efficient assessment of aversive emotional states that are associated with pain.