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Sensory neuropathy is common in people with diabetes; neuropathy can also affect the bone marrow of individuals with type 2 diabetes. However, no information exists on the state of bone marrow sensory innervation in type 1 diabetes. Sensory neurons are trophically dependent on nerve growth factor (NGF) for their survival. The aim of this investigation was twofold: (1) to determine if sensory neuropathy affects the bone marrow in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes, with consequences for stem cell liberation after tissue injury; and (2) to verify if a single systemic injection of the NGF gene exerts long-term beneficial effects on these phenomena.