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Pharmacology/Drug Development

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Efficacy and safety of topical brepocitinib cream for mild-to-moderate chronic plaque psoriasis: a phase IIb, randomised, double-blind, vehicle-controlled, parallel-group study.

Plaque psoriasis (PsO) is an inflammatory skin disease driven, in part, by the activation of Janus kinase (JAK) signalling pathways.

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Spinal cannabinoid receptor 2 activation alleviates neuropathic pain by regulating microglia and suppressing P2X7 receptor.

Neuropathic pain (NP) is the chronic pain in patients resulting from injuries or diseases in the somatosensory nervous system. However, effective treatment remains limited to opioids. Currently, there is an […]

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Prolactin and oxytocin: potential targets for migraine treatment.

Migraine is a severe neurovascular disorder of which the pathophysiology is not yet fully understood. Besides the role of inflammatory mediators that interact with the trigeminovascular system, cyclic fluctuations in […]

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Nalbuphine attenuates morphine-induced scratching by inhibiting PKCβ-dependent microglial activation and p38 phosphorylation in male mice.

Morphine-induced scratching (MIS) is a common adverse effect associated with the use of morphine as analgesia after surgery. However, the treatment of MIS is less than satisfactory due to its […]

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Knockdown of PAC1 improved inflammatory pain in mice by regulating the RAGE/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.

The development of inflammatory pain seriously affects the activities and general functions of patients in daily life. At present, the research on the mechanism of pain relief is still insufficient. […]

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α7 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor potentiation downregulates chemotherapy-induced inflammatory overactivation by overlapping intracellular mechanisms.

We studied, using a combination of animal and cellular models, the glial mechanisms underlying the anti-neuropathic and anti-inflammatory properties of PAM-2 [(E)-3-furan-2-yl-N-p-tolyl-acrylamide], a positive allosteric modulator of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine […]

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Structural and functional analysis of human pannexin 2 channel.

The pannexin 2 channel (PANX2) participates in multiple physiological processes including skin homeostasis, neuronal development, and ischemia-induced brain injury. However, the molecular basis of PANX2 channel function remains largely unknown. […]

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Early and sustained efficacy of fremanezumab over 24-weeks in migraine patients with multiple preventive treatment failures: the multicenter, prospective, real-life FRIEND2 study.

To verify the long-term (24-week) efficacy, safety, and tolerability of fremanezumab in real-life patients with high-frequency episodic migraine (HFEM: ≥ 8 days/month) or chronic migraine (CM: ≥ 15 days/month), and multiple preventive treatment failures.

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High-dose opioids for chronic non-cancer pain: an overview of Cochrane Reviews.

This overview was originally published in 2017, and is being updated in 2022.  Chronic pain is typically described as pain on most days for at least three months. Chronic non-cancer […]

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Pharmacological approaches to treat intestinal pain.

Pain is one of the most substantial factors responsible for lowering quality of life in patients with intestinal diseases. Its multifactorial pathogenesis makes intestinal pain difficult to manage with currently […]

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