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Many cases of accidental death associated with drug overdose are due to chronic opioid use, tolerance, and addiction. Analgesic tolerance is characterized by a decreased response to the analgesic effects […]
Learn More >The endogenous opioid peptide systems are critical for analgesia, reward processing, and affect, but research on their release dynamics and function has been challenging. Here, we have developed microimmunoelectrodes (MIEs) […]
Learn More >Inflammatory pain associated with tissue injury and infections, results from the heightened sensitivity of the peripheral terminals of nociceptor sensory neurons in response to exposure to inflammatory mediators. Targeting immune-derived […]
Learn More >: Endplate (EP) injury plays critical roles in painful IVD degeneration since Modic changes (MCs) are highly associated with pain. Models of EP microfracture that progress to painful conditions are […]
Learn More >Cortical spreading depolarization (CSD) is a key pathophysiological event that underlies visual and sensory auras in migraine. CSD further drives the headache phase in migraine by promoting the activation and […]
Learn More >Traditional methods for site-specific drug delivery in the brain are slow, invasive, and difficult to interface with recordings of neural activity. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility and experimental advantages of […]
Learn More >Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) is a common complication of diabetes. Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced changes of protein in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and spinal cord dorsal horn (SCDH) are critical for DNP […]
Learn More >The exact mechanism of exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH) in exercise therapy to improve chronic pain has not been fully clarified. Recent studies have suggested the importance of the ventral hippocampus (vHPC) […]
Learn More >Mitogen activated protein kinase interacting kinases (MNK) 1 and 2 are serine/threonine protein kinases that play an important role in translation of mRNAs through their phosphorylation of the RNA 5′-cap […]
Learn More >Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is characterized by visceral hypersensitivity (VH) associated with abnormal serotonin/5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) metabolism and neurotrophin-dependent mucosal neurite outgrowth. The underlying mechanisms of VH remain poorly understood. We […]
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