Rejected

As the smallest mammal with a gyrencephalic cerebral cortex, ferrets are becoming increasingly important animal models to study neurological disorders. In order for them to be optimally used, typical behavioral measurements are highly desirable. To ascertain a baseline level of behavior, we conducted a battery of tests assessing motor, social, memory, headache, and aspects of depressive-like behavior. Adult male ferrets participated in open field, beam walk, sucrose preference, eye contact, light/dark box, socialization, and novel object recognition tests. The animals were assessed in three cohorts, which differed in age, with the youngest group being approximately 1 year younger than the oldest. Small, but significant, differences occurred between the youngest cohort and the older groups in several areas, suggesting that age may be an important factor when evaluating ferret behavior. Ferrets showed a high level of sociability in the eye contact tests and with novel animal preference. These experiments represent an important baseline of expected normative results that can provide a reference for normal ferret behavior and expected variability. The data reported here may serve as a reference for future intervention studies using the ferret. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Cranial neuralgia (CN) can cause significant debilitating pain within a nerve dermatome. Accurate diagnosis requires detailed clinical history and examination, understanding of pathophysiology and appropriate neuroimaging to develop an optimal treatment plan. The objective of this article is to review and discuss some of the more common CNs including trigeminal neuralgia and its associated painful neuropathies, occipital neuralgia, and less common glossopharyngeal neuralgia (GPN). The neuroanatomy, pathophysiology, diagnostic imaging, and treatment of each of these pathologies are reviewed with emphasis on the role of CT and MR imaging findings in guiding diagnosis. Although CT is often used to initially identify an underlying cause such as neoplasm, infection, or vascular malformation, MRI is optimal. Clinical history and examination findings along with MRI constructive interference steady state/fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition sequences and MRA of the brain can be used to distinguish between primary and secondary cranial neuropathies and to discern the best treatment option. Pharmacologic and noninvasive therapy is the first-line of treatment of these cranial and cervical neuralgias. If symptoms persist, stereotactic radiosurgery is an option for some patients, although microvascular decompression surgery is the most curative option for both trigeminal and GPN. Refractory occipital neuralgia can be treated with a nerve block, an ablative procedure such as neurectomy or ganglionectomy, or more recently occipital nerve stimulation.

Ophthalmic segment artery aneurysms (OSAs) are difficult to clip; therefore, improvement of the surgical method is of great significance to the prevention of complications, and the classification of the aneurysms is essential to formulate a reasonable surgical plan.

Patients with various aetiology of pain who underwent erector spinae plane block at different levels were evaluated at the tertiary Algology clinic. Visual analog scale (VAS) values were recorded before the block; 30 min, two weeks, and two months after the block. Medical records of fifteen patients have been obtained. The average VAS decreased from 7 ± 1 to 5 ± 3 in the second month when compared to the values before block (p < 0.01). ESP block can be an option for chronic pain in postsurgical pain syndrome and myofascial pain management.

Eye care is one of the most critical tasks of intensive care unit (ICU) nurses. Patients in this unit are exposed to potential ocular problems due to critical conditions. This study aimed to establish a new eye care protocol for preventing ocular surface disorders in patients admitted to ICU. This was a clinical trial study performed on patients admitted to ICU in 2019. The data gathering tools included the demographic questionnaire, the Schirmer test for dry eye, fluorescein staining and slit lamp manual for examining corneal ulcers, and slit lamp manual to check keratitis and conjunctivitis. A type of eye care protocol was performed on the patient's eyes. After five consecutive days of executing the protocol, the data were analyzed using SPSS software version 18. The use of eye care protocol reduced the risk of keratitis (P=0.027), conjunctivitis (P=0.012), eye dryness (P=0.001), and corneal ulcer (P=0.003) in patients admitted to ICU in the intervention group compared to the control group. Ophthalmology protocols reduced the incidence of keratitis, conjunctivitis, dry eye, and corneal ulcers in ICU patients. Therefore, using this method in ICU patients can improve nursing care.

The report details an instance of a 35-year-old male, who came to our hospital with a two-year history of typical trigeminal neuralgia on the left side, predominantly in V2 and V3 dermatomes. The patient was started on medications, but pain could not be controlled by increasing doses and adjuvant medications over the last three months. A lesion was seen on the MRI in the left cerebellopontine angle (CPA) region, hyperintense on T1W and decreased on fat-suppressed imaging, characteristic of lipoma. Being an intractable case, surgery was offered to the patient. Following this, a left retromastoid suboccipital craniectomy was done, and lipoma was excised, decompressing the trigeminal nerve and relieving neuralgia symptoms. In the post-op period, the patient was completely pain-free, but he developed left-sided hearing loss and left facial palsy, Brackmann grade 4, which improved to Brackmann grade 3 on the three-month follow-up.

Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is the most common primary osteoporosis, which is prone to fractures and affect the health and quality of life of the elderly and even shorten their lifetime. Traditional Chinese medicine can not only effectively improve osteoporosis and reduce fracture rate, but also have tonifying and analgesic effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Zhuanggu Zhitong (ZGZT) Capsule on autophagy related genes and proteins in PMOP rats, so as to elucidate the molecular mechanism of tonifying deficiency and regulating stasis in the treatment of osteoporosis and analgesia.

Thanks to the growing experience with the non-intubated anesthetic and surgical techniques, most pulmonary resections can now be performed by using minimally invasive techniques. The conventional method, i.e., surgery on the intubated, ventilated patient under general anesthesia with one-lung ventilation (OLV) was considered necessary for the major thoracoscopic lung resections for all patients. An adequate analgesic approach (regional or epidural anesthesia) allows video-assisted thoracoscopy (VATS) to be performed in anesthetized patients and thus the potential adverse effects related to general anesthesia and mechanical OLV can be minimized.

Osteoarthritis is a common disease characterized by degenerative lesions of articular cartilage in the elderly.Fufang Duzhong Jiangu Granulues(FDJG), a classical prescription for the treatment of osteoarthritis, has the effects of nourishing liver and kidney, nourishing blood and sinew, and dredging collaterals and relieving pain.In this study, molecular simulation technology was combined with molecular biology methods to explore and verify the potential pharmacodynamic substances and molecular mechanism of FDJG in the treatment of osteoarthritis.Arachidonic acid(AA) metabolic pathway is a typical anti-inflammatory pathway, and secretory phospholipase A2 group ⅡA(sPLA2-ⅡA), 5-lipoxygenase(5-LOX), cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2), and leukotriene A4 hydrolase(LTA4 H) are the key targets of the pathway.Therefore, in this study, based on the pharmacophores and molecular docking models of the four key targets in AA pathway, a total of 1 522 chemical components in 12 medicinals of FDJG were virtually screened, followed by weighted analysis of the screening results in combination with the proportions of the medicinals in the prescription.The results showed that mainly 73 components in the preparation could act on the above four targets, suggesting they might be the potential anti-osteoarthritis components of FDJG.Considering the predicted effectiveness, availability, and compatibility of the medicinals, coniferyl ferulate, olivil, and baicalin were selected for further verification.Specifically, lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced RAW264.7 inflammatory cell model was used to verify the anti-inflammatory activity of the three components.The results showed that the three can effectively inhibit the release of NO, supporting the above selection.In addition, targets 5-LOX, COX-2, and LTA4 H had high activity, which suggested that they may be the key anti-osteoarthritis targets of FDJG.The comprehensive activity values of Eucommiae Cortex, Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix, Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Lycii Fructus, and Astragali Radix were much higher than that of other medicinals in the prescription, indicating that they may be the main effective medicinals in FDJG acting on the AA pathway.In this study, the potential anti-osteoarthritis components of FDJG were obtained.Moreover, it was clarified that the anti-osteoarthritis mechanism of FDJG was to act on LOX and COX pathway in AA metabolic pathway, which provided a reference for the study of pharmacodynamic substances and molecular mechanism of FDJG.