Rejected

For many years, medicine has been looking for effective methods to be used in the treatment of chronic wounds. Pharmacological treatment is insufficient and does not give expected results of treatment. In the comprehensive treatment of wounds, physical medicine methods have been used, which are characterized by high efficiency and safety as well as relatively low costs of the therapy. Efficient application of a novel therapeutic modality in the form of topical ozone therapy in the treatment of a difficult-to-heal wound of the left knee joint after surgery due to the rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament and damage to the medial meniscus because of a previous road accident in a 61-year-old female patient is presented.

F abry disease (FD) is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder with accumulation of globotriosylceramide, causing neurologic involvement mainly as acroparesthesias and cerebrovascular disease. Aseptic meningitis has been reported in 11 patients with FD, but no prior study has correlated alpha-galactosidase (GLA) specific variants with meningitis. We present in this manuscript a family in which a novel GLA pathogenic variant was associated with aseptic meningitis in 2 of 5 family members.

Cognitive deficits have been defined in patients with bilateral and unilateral vestibular loss.

In this prospective observational clinical study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between serum mu-opioid receptor (MOR) levels according to menstrual cycle phases on postoperative pain scores and analgesic requirements.

Emerging treatments for moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD) may provide greater and faster improvement in AD signs and symptoms than current therapies.

Eugenia pohliana DC.(Myrtaceae) is used in folk medicine by communities in Brazil. However, there are no reports on its biological activity. This is the first study to identify the components of E. pohliana essential oil (EpEO) and evaluate their antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities in an in vivo model at doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg. The essential oil (EO) was obtained by hydrodistillation, and the analysis was performed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Antinociceptive activity was evaluated by writhing tests, tail movement, and formalin (neurogenic and inflammatory pain); naloxone was used to determine the nociception mechanism. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by oedema and peritonitis tests. We found that (E)-β-caryophyllene (BCP) (15.56%), δ-cadinene (11.24%) and α-cadinol (10.89%) were the major components. In the writhing test, there was a decrease in writing by 42.95-70.70%, in the tail movement, an increase in latency time by 69.12-86.63%, and in the formalin test, there was a reduction in pain neurogenic by 29.54-61.74%, and inflammatory pain by 37.42-64.87%. The antinociceptive effect of EpEO occurs through the activation of opioid receptors. In addition, a reduction in inflammation by 74.93‒81.41% was observed in the paw edema test and inhibition of the influx of leukocytes by 51.86‒70.38% and neutrophils by 37.74‒54.72% in the peritonitis test. It was concluded that EpEO has antinociceptive effect by the opioid pathway, as shown by the inhibitory effect of naloxone, and anti-inflammatory actions, and that its use does not cause hemolytic damage or behavioral change.

Veronicastrum Heist. ex Fabr. (Plantaginaceae) is a multifunctional plant in China and other parts of the continent. It has traditionally been used in the treatment of ascites, edema, blood stasis, pain relief, chronic nephritis injury, fever, cough, headache, arthritis, dysentery, rheumatism, pleural effusion, liver damage, and other disorders. Although research has confirmed that the genus Veronicastrum contain many active compounds, no review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry or pharmacology has been conducted to date.

This study aimed to evaluate somatosensory function in Chinese patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN) using a standard quantitative sensory testing (QST) battery and electrophysiological tests consisting of contact heat-evoked potentials (CHEPs) and blink reflex (BR). Twenty patients with TN and 20 sex- and age-matched healthy controls were recruited for this study. A standard QST protocol recommended by the German Research Network on Neuropathic Pain was carried out on the patients' painful and contralateral faces, the controls' right faces, and all participants' right hands. The CHEPs and BR were recorded at the Cz electrode and bilateral lower bellies of the orbicularis oculi, respectively, with thermal stimuli applied to both sides of the patient's face and the control's right face. The cold detection threshold, heat pain threshold, and mechanical pain threshold on the painful face were lower than those of healthy controls (P < 0.05), whereas the cold pain threshold and mechanical detection threshold were higher (P < 0.05) on the painful faces than those of the contralateral faces from patients or healthy controls. Mechanical pain sensitivity was higher in both test sites than in healthy controls (P < 0.05). Significantly longer N latencies (P < 0.05) and lower N-P amplitudes (P < 0.01) were detected in the patients' painful sites than in the contralateral sites and those of healthy controls. Comprehensive somatosensory abnormalities were found in painful facial sites in patients with TN, suggesting disturbances in the processing of somatosensory stimuli. Deficiencies in electrophysiological tests further revealed unilaterally impaired function of the trigeminal pathway in TN patients.

Walking is known to be beneficial for chronic low back pain (LBP) patients and fast walking recruits more trunk muscles. Abdominal bracing has also been shown to improve LBP and facilitate several trunk muscles. We aimed to investigate the effects of walking velocity and abdominal bracing on the activation of trunk muscles in chronic LBP patients during walking. Forty-six volunteers with chronic LBP underwent walking exercise on the treadmill without ("non-braced walking") and with abdominal bracing ("braced walking") at speeds of 4, 5, and 6 km/h, with the surface electrodes placed on their trunk muscles to measure muscle activity. The root mean square values of the surface electromyography amplitude data were obtained at the multifidus of lower (ML) and upper lumbar (MU), erector spinae of lower lumbar (EL) and thoracic (ET), rectus abdominis (RA), and external oblique (EO). All muscles activated significantly more at faster walking. The "braced walking" facilitated the ET and RA significantly more than the "non-braced walking". The interaction between the walking speed and abdominal bracing was significant at ML, MU, and RA. The increase in muscle activation observed at lower speed diminished as speed increased. Since "braced walking" seems to additionally facilitate the trunk muscles especially at slower gait speeds, patients who cannot walk fast may still be able to train their muscles by "braced walking."

Because Tourette syndrome (TS) is a paroxysmal disorder, symptomatic relief in individuals with TS may be possible through the application of stimulation only during the manifestation of human tic neural signatures. This technique could be capable of suppressing both motor and vocal tics and would have similar effectiveness to conventional continuous deep brain stimulation (DBS).