Rejected

The laparoscopic lateral suspension (LLS) represents an alternative mesh procedure to avoid the dissection at the promontory. However, mesh-related complications such as chronic pelvic pain, dyspareunia, and bladder pain are emerging. The present study is aimed to present a video case report and describe a small case series of patients referred to our center for chronic pelvic pain after LLS.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are characterized by inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract and include Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease. These diseases are costly to health services, substantially reduce patients' quality of life, and can lead to complications such as cancer and even death. Symptoms include abdominal pain, stool bleeding, diarrhea, and weight loss. The treatment of these diseases is symptomatic, seeking disease remission. The intestine is colonized by several microorganisms, such as fungi, viruses, and bacteria, which constitute the intestinal microbiota (IM). IM bacteria promotes dietary fibers fermentation and produces short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that exert several beneficial effects on intestinal health. SCFAs can bind to G protein-coupled receptors, such as GPR41 and GPR43, promoting improvements in the intestinal barrier, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. Thus, SCFAs could be a therapeutic tool for IBDs. However, the mechanisms involved in these beneficial effects of SCFAs remain poorly understood. Therefore, this paper aims to provide a review addressing the main aspects of IBDs, and a more detailed sight of SCFAs, focusing on the main effects on different aspects of the intestine with an emphasis on IBDs.

ATI-2173 is an active site polymerase inhibitor nucleotide in development as part of a potentially curative regimen for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. This study evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and antiviral activity of ATI-2173.This was a phase 1b, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in treatment-naive adults with chronic HBV infection conducted in the Republic of Moldova and Ukraine (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04248426). Patients positive for hepatitis B surface antigen were randomized 6:2 to receive once-daily oral doses of ATI-2173 10, 25, or 50 mg (n=6 per dose) or placebo (n=7) for 28 days, with off-treatment monitoring for 24 weeks. Endpoints included PK parameters of ATI-2173 and its metabolite clevudine, maximum reduction from baseline in HBV DNA, and safety and tolerability. Treatment-emergent adverse events occurred in eight patients (47%) receiving ATI-2173 and five (71%) receiving placebo; headache was the most common (n=4). ATI-2173 PK was generally dose proportional. Systemic clevudine exposure with ATI-2173 dosing was substantially reduced compared with historical values observed with clevudine administration. On day 28, mean changes from baseline in HBV DNA were -2.72 to -2.78 log IU/mL with ATI-2173 and +0.17 log IU/mL with placebo. Off-treatment sustained viral suppression and decreases in covalently closed circular DNA biomarkers were observed in most patients; one maintained undetectable HBV DNA at 24 weeks off treatment. In this 28-day monotherapy study, ATI-2173 demonstrated safety and antiviral activity, with sustained off-treatment effects and substantially reduced systemic clevudine exposure. These results support evaluation of ATI-2173 with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in phase 2 studies.

We evaluated the validity of sixteen predictive energy expenditure equations for resting energy expenditure estimation (eREE) against measured resting energy expenditure using indirect calorimetry (REE) in 153 critically ill children. Predictive equations were included based on weight, height, sex, and age. The agreement between eREE and REE was analyzed using the Bland-Altman method. Precision was defined by the 95% limits of the agreement; differences > ±10% from REE were considered clinically unacceptable. The reliability was assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient (Cronbach's alpha). The influence of anthropometric, nutritional, and clinical variables on REE was also assessed. Thirty (19.6%) of the 153 enrolled patients were malnourished (19.6%), and fifty-four were overweight (10.5%) or obese (24.8%). All patients received sedation and analgesia. Mortality was 3.9%. The calculated eREE either underestimated (median 606, IQR 512; 784 kcal/day) or overestimated (1126.6, 929; 1340 kcal/day) REE compared with indirect calorimetry (928.3, 651; 1239 kcal/day). These differences resulted in significant biases of -342 to 592 kcal (95% limits of agreement (precision)-1107 to 1380 kcal/day) and high coefficients of variation (up to 1242%). Although predicted equations exhibited moderate reliability, the clinically acceptable ±10% accuracy rate ranged from only 6.5% to a maximum of 24.2%, with the inaccuracy varying from -31% to +71.5% of the measured patient's energy needs. REE ( = 0.017) and eREE ( < 0.001) were higher in the underweight compared to overweight and obese patients. Apart from a younger age, malnutrition, clinical characteristics, temperature, vasoactive drugs, neuromuscular blockade, and energy intake did not affect REE and thereby predictive equations' accuracy. Commonly used predictive equations for calculating energy needs are inaccurate for individual patients, either underestimating or overestimating REE compared with indirect calorimetry. Altogether these findings underscore the urgency for measuring REE in clinical situations where accurate knowledge of energy needs is vital.

Noise exposure has reached an alarming degree over the years because of rapid growth in the industry, transportation, and urbanization. Therefore, it is a dire need to provide awareness of the sources and mitigation strategies of noise, and to highlight the health, and socio-economic impacts of noise. A few research studies have documented this emerging issue; however, there is no comprehensive document describing all types of noise, their impacts on living organisms, and control strategies. This review article summarizes the sources of noise; their effects on industrial workers, citizens, and animals; and the value of property in noisy areas. The plethora of literature is showing an increased level of noise in various cities of the world, which have various health consequences such as high blood pressure, insomnia, nausea, heart attack, exhaustion, dizziness, headache, and triggered hearing loss. Apart from humans, noise also affects animal habitat, preying, and reproduction ability; increases heart rate and hearing loss to even death and loss in property value; and impairs the hospital environment. Finally, we have discussed the possible strategies to mitigate the noise problem, policy statements, and regulations to be followed, with future research directions based on the identified research gaps.

This article analyzes the physiological role of pain during parturition in domestic animals, discusses the controversies surrounding the use of opioids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and local analgesics as treatments during labor, and presents the advantages and disadvantages for mother and offspring. Labor is a potentially stressful and painful event, due to the contractions that promote expulsion of the fetus. During labor, neurotransmitters such as the prostaglandins contribute to the sensitization of oxytocin receptors in the myometrium and the activation of nociceptive fibers, thus supporting the physiological role of pain. Endogenously, the body secretes opioid peptides that modulate harmful stimuli and, at the same time, can inhibit oxytocin's action in the myometrium. Treating pain during the different stages of parturition is an option that can help prevent such consequences as tachycardia, changes in breathing patterns, and respiratory acidosis, all of which can harm the wellbeing of offspring. However, studies have found that some analgesics can promote myometrial contractility, increase expulsion time, affect fetal circulation, and alter mother-offspring recognition due to hypnotic effects. Other data, however, indicate that reducing the number of uterine contractions with analgesics increases their potency, thus improving maternal performance. Managing pain during labor requires understanding the tocolytic properties of analgesics and their advantages in preventing the consequences of pain.

Laetiporus sulphureus mushroom is a complementary and alternative medicine that has anticancer, antioxidation, and analgesic effects and immunomodulatory activity; it is used as a treatment for cough and rheumatism and is a functional food that can improve physical fitness. Even though L. sulphureus has garnered considerable biotechnological and pharmacological interest due to its excellent cellulose-degrading ability and diverse biological activities, its biosynthetic potential regarding polysaccharides and secondary metabolites has not been thoroughly examined. In this study, we sequenced and assembled the whole genome of a wild isolate, NWAFU-1, from the Qinling Mountains in China. Comparative genomes analysis revealed genomic differences between subspecies, and phylogenomic analysis revealed evolutionary divergence as well as genome expansion and contraction of individual Polyporaceae family species. Bioinformatics investigation identified candidate genes associated with mating type, polysaccharide synthesis, carbohydrate-active enzymes, and secondary-metabolite biosynthesis, which included multiple terpenoids, nonribosomal peptides, and polyketides. The locations of biosynthetic core genes were mapped and displayed on chromosomes and contigs. Totals of 143 proteins from 126 coding genes were identified and divided into 14 cytochrome P450 families. Furthermore, the biosynthetic network of tetracyclic triterpenoid active components was postulated by genome mining of related genes combined with the molecular network of metabolites. The genome analysis of in this study improves the understanding of the biosynthesis of active compounds, which will lay a theoretical foundation for subsequent research on active-compound biosynthesis and promote the application of in the field of drug research and functional-food creation. is a parasitic basidiomycete fungus that causes brown rot. The fruiting bodies of are used as ancient medicines in China and Europe to cure cancer, analgesia, cough, and rheumatism and are considered a functional food that regulates the body and improves health. was inferred to be a tetrapolar system based on a high-quality genome, which will aid molecular breeding and artificial farming. Screening polysaccharide synthesis candidate genes and comparing carbohydrate-associated genes in brown-rot basidiomycetes help understand their growth. Identifying core genes for secondary-metabolite biosynthesis, gene cluster family analysis, and comparative cluster analysis will guide heterologous-biosynthesis investigations of these genes and help elucidate the biosynthetic pathways for bioactive natural components. The biosynthesis network of tetracyclic triterpenes was mapped using metabolite profiling and genome scanning. This work explores the biosynthetic capacity of -derived natural products and lays the foundation for biosynthetic studies of them.

Blast related characteristics may contribute to the diversity of findings on whether mild traumatic brain injury sustained during war zone deployment has lasting cognitive effects. This study aims to evaluate whether a history of blast exposure at close proximity, defined as exposure within 30 feet, has long-term or lasting influences on cognitive outcomes among current and former military personnel.

Evaluation of diagnostic anaesthesia during equine lameness examination requires comparison of complex movement patterns and can be influenced by expectation bias. There is limited research about how changes in movement asymmetries after successful analgesia are affected by different exercise conditions. Movement asymmetry of head, withers and pelvis was quantified in N=31 horses undergoing forelimb or hindlimb diagnostic anaesthesia. Evaluation on a straight line and a circle was performed with subjective diagnostic anaesthesia outcome and quantitative changes recorded. Mixed linear models (P<0.05) analysed the differences in movement asymmetry before/after diagnostic anaesthesia – random factor: horse, fixed factors: surface (soft, hard), direction (straight, inside, outside, inside-outside average), diagnostic anaesthesia outcome (negative, partially positive, positive) and two-way interactions. Forelimb diagnostic anaesthesia influenced primary movement asymmetry (all head and withers parameters) and compensatory movement asymmetry (two pelvic parameters) either individually (p≤0.009) or in interaction with surface (p≤0.03). Hindlimb diagnostic anaesthesia influenced primary movement asymmetry (all pelvic parameters) and compensatory movement asymmetry (two head and two withers parameters) either individually (p≤0.04) or in interaction with surface (p≤0.01;) or direction (p≤0.006). Direction was also significant individually for two pelvic parameters (p≤0.04). Changes in primary movement asymmetries after partially positive or positive outcome indicated improvement in the blocked limb. Compensatory changes were mostly in agreement with the 'law of sides'. The changes were more pronounced on the hard surface for hindlimb lameness and on the soft surface for forelimb lameness. Withers asymmetry showed distinct patterns for forelimb and hindlimb lameness potentially aiding clinical decision making.