Rejected

Pilonidal sinus disease (PNSD) is considered as the challenging disease for surgeons since decades. The term pilo-nidal is derived from Latin meaning "nest of hair". It is a commonly occurring disease usually involved young male adults. It is considered as an acquired condition with unidentified aetiology and pathogenesis. The objective was to observe the results of Limberg's flap operation in patients with Pilonidal sinus disease..

Seronegative spondyloarthritis is a progressive inflammatory disease with a wide and varied range of symptoms. Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease characterized by pain and structural changes. Ankylosing spondylitis is characterized by functional disorders such as reduced mobility and axial deformity, leading to a decrease in patient quality of life. The purpose of this article is to provide basic information on therapeutic options for exercise in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis. Therapeutic exercise is the most important non-pharmacological intervention in patients. In addition to positive metabolic effects, exercise also plays an important role in improving spinal mobility and muscle strength. Maintaining proper postural posture appears to play a key role in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Muscle contraction stimulates and promotes the secretion of cytokines called myokines. The best known is interleukin-6 (IL-6). This myokine also acts indirectly in the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Exercise improves quality of life, physical condition, and symptoms associated with ankylosing spondylitis.

COVID-19 is highly transmissive and contagious disease with a wide spectrum of clinicopathological issues, including respiratory, vasculo-coagulative, and immune disorders. In some cases of COVID-19, patients can be characterized by clinical sequelae with mild-to-moderate symptoms that persist long after the resolution of the acute infection, known as long-COVID, potentially affecting their quality of life. The main symptoms of long-COVID include persistent dyspnea, fatigue and weakness (that are typically out of proportion, to the degree of ongoing lung damage and gas exchange impairment), persistence of anosmia and dysgeusia, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and cognitive dysfunctions (such as brain fog or memory lapses). The appropriate management and prevention of potential long-COVID sequelae is still lacking. It is also believed that long-term symptoms of COVID-19 are related to an immunity over-response, namely a cytokine storm, involving the release of pro-inflammatory interleukins, monocyte chemoattractant proteins, and tissue necrosis factors. Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) shows affinity for vanilloid receptor 1 and for cannabinoid-like G protein-coupled receptors, enhancing anandamide activity by means of an entourage effect. Due to its anti-inflammatory properties, PEA has been recently used as an early add-on therapy for respiratory problems in patients with COVID-19. It is believed that PEA mitigates the cytokine storm modulating cell-mediated immunity, as well as counteracts pain and oxidative stress. In this article, we theorize that PEA could be a potentially effective nutraceutical to treat long-COVID, with regard to fatigue and myalgia, where a mythocondrial dysfunction is hypothesizable.

Headache is a frequently encountered symptom among patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Schnitzler syndrome is a rare acquired autoinflammatory syndrome. It presents with an urticarial rash and a monoclonal gammopathy, usually of the IgM kappa type. In addition, patients can present with bone and/or joint pain, recurrent fever, asthenia, weight loss, myalgia, headache, lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, or splenomegaly. An elevation of blood inflammation markers is commonly found. Skin biopsy of the urticarial rash reveals neutrophilic infiltrate, known as neutrophilic urticarial dermatosis. To confirm the diagnosis, two sets of diagnostic criteria have been established. The syndrome shares many features with other autoinflammatory disorders, such as adult-onset Still's disease and NLRP3-auto-inflammatory disorders (NLRP3-AID, formerly known as cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes, or CAPS). The pathogenesis of the disease is not yet fully understood; however, it is believed that interleukin (IL)-1β plays a crucial role and explains the excellent effectiveness of IL-1 blocking agents. It is a chronic disease, and some patients develop lymphoproliferative disease, and seldom AA amyloidosis.

Xanthomatous meningioma is an extremely rare subtype of metaplastic meningiomas with few cases reported in the literature. Histopathologically, it is composed of oval-shaped cells that have central nuclei and cytoplasm with lipid-filled vacuoles, resembling macrophages. Here, the authors present a case of xanthomatous meningioma and discuss the hypotheses related to its origin and the differential diagnosis. A 40-year-old woman presented with an increased headache complaint over the past month. A computed tomography scan revealed a heterogeneous mass on the right parietal lobe, following which a right craniotomy was done. Microscopic examination showed neoplastic meningothelial cells with whorl formation and areas of xanthomatous changes. Both meningothelial and xanthomatous cells were positive with vimentin, progesterone, and epithelial membrane antigen. CD68 and lysozyme were expressed only in the xanthomatous component, and there was no expression with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain and PAS-diastase. As the diagnostic criteria of atypical meningioma were not observed, a diagnosis of xanthomatous meningioma, WHO grade I, was made. Owing to the characteristic xanthomatous changes, its differential diagnosis includes grade II clear cell meningioma, Rosai-Dorfman disease, and hemangioblastoma. To avoid misidentifying these cells as macrophages, a high degree of awareness of this unique subtype of meningioma is required.

Herpes zoster (HZ) is a viral disease which is primarily caused by the nerve tissue, but its treatment necessitates a multidisciplinary approach. Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a DNA virus that causes both primary and recurrent infection. HZ, also known as shingles, is a unique condition induced by VZV reactivation. Neuropathic pain, headache, malaise and sleep disruption are all prodromal symptoms in such cases. HZ generates a pruritic, localized and vesicular rash that is usually unilateral. Individuals who are immunocompromised as a result of disease or receiving any treatment are also at increased risk, regardless of their age. HZ and its sequelae set a major strain on patient's caregivers, health-care system and business. Despite recent advances, prevention and treatment of HZ, consequences remain a therapeutic challenge. This is a case report of HZ infection in a 56-year-old female patient who was managed with comprehensive medical treatment.

Chronic pain is common in the military, and over a quarter of active-duty military members have received a prescription for opioids. This study reviewed the initial opioid prescription among those who became future long-term users at an Air Force base in the United States and reports the characteristics of the provider and patient.

Negative affect, including anxiety and depression, is prevalent in chronic pain states such as osteoarthritis (OA) and associated with greater use of opioid analgesics, potentially contributing to present and future opioid crises.

To evaluate the association between clinical signs/symptoms and bone changes on CBCT images in patients with degenerative joint disease (DJD) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).