Rejected

Medical cannabis is becoming an acceptable treatment modality in medicine, especially for pain relief. Concurrently, cannabis use is becoming more prevalent worldwide, a public demand-driven trend despite the lack of established scientific basis. This observational open-label study sought to investigate the effectiveness of cannabis therapy for alleviating low back pain symptoms.

Now some reports have pointed out that calcimimetics agents is effective in the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, but there is no detailed description of the advantages and disadvantages of calcimimetics agents of SHPT in CKD patients. We tried to pool the published data to verify the effectiveness of calcimimetics agents and to compare the advantages and disadvantages of cinacalcet compared with control in the treatment of SHPT in CKD patients.

We aimed to 1) explore the cross-sectional relation of unilateral knee pain severity and temporal asymmetry during walking and 2) determine relations of temporal asymmetry during walking to 2-year changes in ipsilateral and contralateral knee pain in those with mild-to-moderate unilateral knee pain.

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a high incidence disease of musculoskeletal system that often leads to stenosis, instability, pain and even deformity of the spinal segments. IDD is an important cause of discogenic lower back pain and often leads to large economic burden to families and society. Currently, the treatment of IDD is aimed at alleviating symptoms rather than blocking or reversing pathological progression of the damaged intervertebral disc. Resveratrol (RSV) is a polyphenol phytoalexin first extracted from the Veratrum grandiflflorum O. Loes and can be found in various plants and red wine. Owing to the in-depth study of pharmacological mechanisms, the therapeutic potential of RSV in various diseases such as osteoarthritis, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes have attracted the attention of many researchers. RSV has anti-apoptotic, anti-senescent, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anabolic activities, which can prevent further degeneration of intervertebral disc cells and enhance their regeneration. With high safety and various biological functions, RSV might be a promising candidate for the treatment of IDD. This review summarizes the biological functions of RSV in the treatment of IDD and to facilitate further research.

Few studies have explored the Central Nervous System (CNS) infection illness trajectory among older persons with dementia in sub-Saharan African (SSA) settings. This study explored the Caregiver's perspectives on the Central Nervous System infection illness trajectory among the older persons with dementia in Northern Uganda.

Acetaminophen is commonly recommended for the early analgesia of osteoarthritis. However, the molecular mechanism by which it acts remains unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of acetaminophen on inflammation and extracellular matrix degradation in human chondrocytes, and the possible molecular mechanisms involved in its effect.

Angle-closure glaucoma is a rare form of glaucoma characterized by a narrow or an occlusion of the anterior chamber angle and subsequently an obstruction of the outflow of aqueous humor resulting in an increase in intraocular pressure. Symptoms can include severe eye pain and/or headache, blurred vision, a medium-sized and rigid pupil, conjunctival hyperemia, and nausea. Treatment options include pressure-lowering topical and systemic medications as well as surgical interventions, especially cataract surgery and laser iridotomy. Besides parasympathomimetics (pilocarpine), all topical antiglaucoma medications can principally be used (beta-receptor antagonists, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, alpha‑2 selective adrenergic antagonists, prostaglandins and prostaglandin analogues). Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and osmotic agents (e.g., mannitol) can be systemically used.

Organophosphates (OPs) are inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase and have deleterious effects on the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations of OP poisoning include convulsions, which represent an underlying toxic neuro-pathological process, leading to permanent neuronal damage. This neurotoxicity is mediated through the cholinergic, GABAergic and glutamatergic (NMDA) systems. Pharmacological interventions in OP poisoning are designed to mitigate these specific neuro-pathological pathways, using anticholinergic drugs and GABAergic agents. Benactyzine is a combined anticholinergic, anti-NMDA compound. Based on previous development of novel GABA derivatives (such as prodrugs based on perphenazine for the treatment of schizophrenia and nortriptyline against neuropathic pain), we describe the synthesis and preliminary testing of a mutual prodrug ester of benactyzine and GABA. It is assumed that once the ester crosses the blood-brain-barrier it will undergo hydrolysis, releasing benactyzine and GABA, which are expected to act synergistically. The combined release of both compounds in the brain offers several advantages over the current OP poisoning treatment protocol: improved efficacy and safety profile (where the inhibitory properties of GABA are expected to counteract the anticholinergic cognitive adverse effects of benactyzine) and enhanced chemical stability compared to benactyzine alone. We present here preliminary results of animal studies, showing promising results with early gabactyzine administration.

Mutation in human gene has been implicated in hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type IIB. We aimed to knock out in mice and explored its phenotypes to determine whether the genetic impairments and behavioral changes can mirror manifestations noted in humans.

Pineal parenchymal tumor of intermediate differentiation (PPTID) is a neoplasm of pinealocyte origin and of intermediate differentiation (WHO grade 2 or 3). Treatment selection and prognostication is challenging for this rare, recently characterized tumor. In this single study, we review our clinical experience in patients with PPTID as well as pooled data from two other institutions.