Rejected

Background Cerebral neurocysticerosis is a common parasitic disease of human nervous system but evidence on duration of albendazole therapy and their outcomes in this condition is inadequate Objective To evaluate the impact of varying duration of albendazole therapy on the clinical and radiological outcomes at one month in patients with active solitary neurocysticercosis. Method This is an interventional study conducted at Upendra Devkota Memorial National Institute of Neurological and Allied sciences, Bansbari over 1 year (2017 March – 2018 February). One hundred eighteen patients with new onset seizure secondary to active solitary cysticercal granuloma either received albendazole therapy for 1, 3, 9 or 21 days with the usual care or only received the usual care. Clinical and radiological outcomes were observed at one month follow-up. The difference in the proportion of the outcome measures between intervention and control groups were assessed using chi-square test. Result Our study included 118 patients with male predominance of 61.9%. Albendazole therapy for 3, 9 and 21 days reduced headache by 57.2%, 70.0% and 63.1% respectively which was higher than those with 1-day therapy or without the therapy. This difference in the proportion was statistically significant at p=0.001. Though seizure recurrence also declined but the difference was not significant (p=0.406) between groups. However, at one-month follow-up, majority of patients who received albendazole for 9 days (14, 70%) and 21 days (14, 73.7%) had normal lesion, while most calcified lesion (21, 67.7%) was observed in those who did not receive albendazole therapy. The difference between lesion among the groups was significant (p < 0.001). Conclusion Albendazole therapy in patients with active solitary neurocysticercosis for 9 days is as effective as 21 days and better than 3 days in headache control and lesion dissolution but seizure control could be achieved irrespective of the treatment.

Pure ovarian neuroendocrine tumors are very rare. Herein, we present a young Iranian woman with a pure primary ovarian neuroendocrine tumor. A 26-year-old female presented with chronic abdominal pain and progressive constipation and was referred to the emergency room. Imaging findings confirmed a mass in the right adnexa. Following the resectional surgery of the ovarian mass, histopathological and immunohistochemistry results disclosed a mixed type of primary ovarian neuroendocrine tumor. The patient did not experience tumor recurrence afterward. Due to the rarity and low prevalence of primary pure ovarian neuroendocrine tumors, the histopathologic diagnosis should be confirmed by an immunohistochemistry study.

The West Nile virus (WNV) is an arbovirus than can infect human beings and cause severe neuroinvasive disease. Taking the outbreak that occurred in Spain in 2020 as a reference, this article reviews the clinical and imaging findings for neuroinvasive disease due to WNV. We collected demographic, clinical, laboratory, and imaging (CT and MRI) variables for 30 patients with WNV infection diagnosed at our center. The main clinical findings were fever, headache, and altered levels of consciousness. Neuroimaging studies, especially MRI, are very useful in the diagnosis and follow-up of these patients. The most common imaging findings were foci of increased signal intensity in the thalamus and brainstem in T2-weighted sequences; we illustrate these findings in cases from our hospital.

Aging is a phenomenon that has increased worldwide as a result of a higher life expectancy, evidencing situations typical of this stage, which can impact the happiness of individuals, who deserve attention and approach from mental health and public health.

Early recovery is desirable after day care surgery. Intravenous lidocaine has anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperalgesic, and analgesic effects and by reducing postoperative pain, nausea, vomiting, and duration of postoperative ileus and hospital stay, might be a useful adjuvant to improve recovery after gynecological laparoscopic surgery.

Understanding of the spondyloarthritis diseases has changed significantly in the last 15 years. It is now clear that there are patients with and without radiographic changes and the terminology has changed to reflect that: radiographic axial spondyloarthritis and non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis. In addition, the importance of the presence of inflammatory back pain with spondyloarthritis in making the diagnosis is now well established. It is also clear that women are much more likely to develop axial spondyloarthritis than previously thought. Finally, there are treatments now available to treat axial spondyloarthritis and more hopefully to be approved in the next year.

Behcet's disease (BD) is a chronic fatal illness with a relapsing remitting nature and significant organ-threatening morbidity and mortality. The aim of this research was to examine studies which were conducted on investigation of prevalence of quality of life among patients with Behcet's disease.

To evaluate the anxiety of children and their mothers in relation to sleep bruxism (SB) and associated risk factors.

Metastatic tumors in the brain represent the most common type of intracranial neoplasm, comprising 8-10% of all brain tumors. 30% of such tumors are primarily of breast origin in females. Brain parenchymal metastasis is the more common presentation. Intraventricular spread is rare, seen in less than 5% of cases in a metastatic scenario. Here, we report a case of 41-year-old female presenting with intraventricular brain metastasis in a follow-up case of carcinoma breast. Five years post-surgery, the patient presented with complaints of headache. On evaluation, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain showed an intraventricular lesion in the fourth ventricle. She was operated on for the same and the biopsy revealed a tumor with a complex papillary pattern resembling choroid plexus papilloma. On immunohistochemistry (IHC), the tumor cells were positive for cytokeratin 7 (CK7), Epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), GATA3, and mammaglobin favoring a metastasis from breast origin. Hence, a possibility of brain metastasis should be kept in mind in patients presenting with solitary ventricular masses due to the lack of definite radiological characteristics in such locations and histological overlap. Also, organ-specific IHC is a must in today's evidence-based era as is reflected in our case.