Rejected

It is presently unknown if lumbar lordosis (LL) might be applied to monitor low back pain (LBP) in patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH). There is presently only conflicting data that does not show a correlation of LL with LBP: Previous studies do either include chronic LBP or do not consider that each patient has an individual value of LL that cannot be compared to other patients.

Medulloblastoma is a rare tumor of adult age, while it occurs more frequently in children. Given the rarity, there is a lack of evidence for the treatment of recurrent disease. Few data are available about salvage re-irradiation collecting very heterogeneous series.

Post Caesarean pain is described as moderate to severe. Although advances in the new analgesics techniques, no current standard exists for optimizing and managing. Taking into consideration of acute post Caesarean pain, this novel technique of surgically assisted anterior abdominal field block at linea semilunaris have proved considerable analgesic potential along with multimodal analgesia.

Spindle cell oncocytoma (SCO) is a rare tumor of adenohypophysis, arising from the sellar region. So far, about 35 cases of SCO in the sellar region have been reported. In this report, we present the first case of pediatric SCO and review the literature concerning the tumor origin, clinical presentations, radiological features, and treatment modalities. An 8-year-old male was referred to our clinic with progressive visual loss in the left eye and headache over the past 6 months. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging revealed a solid adenohypophysis mass with suprasellar extension, as well as compression and displacement of the optic chiasm. The patient underwent endoscopic trans-sphenoidal resection of the tumor. The tumor was diagnosed as SCO based on the histological study. He did not receive radiation therapy. The patient's condition remained stable, with no radiological recurrence in the past follow-up 2 years after the surgery.

Injection calcitonin is a natural hormone inhibiting osteoclastic bone resorption have been used as an analgesic to control bone metastasis pain or pain due to osteoporosis or fracture. This randomized double blind placebo controlled trial was undertaken to determine the role of injection Salmon Calcitonin therapy to control refractory pain caused due to bone metastasis arising from cancer breast, lung, prostate or kidney. All patients had received palliative radiotherapy and were suffering unsatisfactory pain relief on NSAIDs and tab morphine. Fourteen days inj. calcitonin or placebo injections were administered in 23 patients initially as high dose induction dose (800 IU per day SC) followed 200 IU subcutaneous (SC) once a day. Patients were assessed for pain intensity and quality of life on EORTC QLQ-30 questionnaire 6 hourly for 2 days and on 7 and 30 day. Any incidence of hypercalcemia, bone fracture, nerve root and bone marrow compression were also noted. This study found a significant reduction in pain after SC calcitonin injection therapy at 14 and 30 days' assessment. No patients in the study group required rescue analgesia after 18 hrs. There was a statistically significant difference in rescue analgesics required between the groups during two days hospitalization. Global health as well as physical and social wellbeing was better at 30 and 90 days in the study group as compared to control group, however it could not reach a statistical significance which may be attributed to the small sample size of the study.

Postoperative analgesia following craniosynostosis repair is a clinical challenge for plastic and reconstructive surgeons. There is a paucity of published data on the postoperative pain associated with craniosynostosis repair procedures and the prescribed analgesia varies with different unit protocols. The authors sought to summarize the current knowledge of the postoperative analgesia following craniosynostosis repair by reviewing the literature for existing regimens, clinical outcomes, and recommendations.

Pain during and after transsphenoidal surgeries originates from stimulation of branches of the trigeminal cranial nerve that supply the inner aspect of the nose cavity and dura mater. Thereby, patients undergoing transsphenoidal surgery may require moderate-to-large amounts of analgesics including opioids. Intravenous acetaminophen provides analgesia and reduces opioid consumption for a wide variety of surgeries. We hypothesized that the use of intravenous acetaminophen is associated with a reduction in intraoperative opioid consumption and provides significant analgesia during and after transsphenoidal surgery.

Comenic acid (CA), a specific agonist of opioid-like receptors, effectively and safely relieves neuropathic pain by decreasing the Na1.8 channel voltage sensitivity in the primary sensory neuron membrane. CA triggers downstream signaling cascades, in which the Na,K-ATPase/Src complex plays a key role. After leaving the complex, the signal diverges 'tangentially' and 'radially'. It is directed 'tangentially' along the neuron membrane to Na1.8 channels, decreasing the effective charge of their activation gating system. In the radial direction moving towards the cell genome, the signal activates the downstream signaling pathway involving PKC and ERK1/2. A remarkable feature of CA is its ability to modulate Na1.8 channels, which relieves neuropathic pain while simultaneously stimulating neurite growth via the receptor-coupled activation of the ERK1/2-dependent signaling pathway.

Autologous osteochondral transplantation (AOT) in the focal cartilage lesion of the patella has been reported with less successful results compared with other sites. The purposes were to investigate the clinical outcomes of AOT for focal patellar chondral lesion without patellofemoral instability.

Perineural dexamethasone has been shown to improve analgesia in single injection supraclavicular block. Systemic mechanism of action of dexamethasone along with safety concerns of perineural route of administration has prompted the investigation of intravenous route as an alternative.