Rejected

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the electrical responses in the retina and cortex of migraine patients with electrophysiological tests and compare with healthy controls.

Silver hydrogel dressings are antimicrobial dressings with the potential to aid post-surgical healing. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of a silver hydrogel dressing on postoperative scarring and complications.

Programmed intermittent epidural boluses (PIEB) may produce more extensive spread of epidural bolus rather than continuous epidural infusion (CEI). Previous studies compared PIEB with CEI and concluded that PIEB shows better outcome when combined with patient controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA), but these studies lack any comparison between PCEA and PIEB in the absence of CEI.

Pain is termed as a subjective phenomenon, however almost all women acknowledge that labor pain is the most severe form of pain a woman experiences in her lifetime. Obstetric analgesia is underutilized in developing countries due to cultural myths and taboos. Hence, the present study aims to identify Nigerian women's knowledge of labor analgesia and to explore what myths and factors hinder with the use of analgesia in labor.

Synopsis Patients with non-cancer pain reported increased pain and pain interference during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic. We determined if pain, prescription opioid use, and comorbidities were associated with perceived COVID-19-related stress as the pandemic peaked. Analysis of survey data revealed that depression/anxiety, pain severity, and pain interference were most strongly and consistently associated with greater stress due to COVID-19 related changes in lifestyle, worsening of emotional/mental health and worsening pain. Identifying specific stressful experiences that most impacted patients with non-cancer pain may help target public health and treatment interventions.

Beyond the adverse effects of hyperphosphatemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD(, hypophosphatemia has also been proposed as a common challenge after dialysis. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the serum phosphate level immediately after hemodialysis (HD) and its association with some clinical complications in CKD patients.

Pain is a common and highly distressing symptom in children with advanced malignancies and it is often multifactorial at the end-of-life. The prognosis of cancer pain is reported to be worse in those with mixed pain type, high pain severity, daily opioid use, and poor emotional well-being. We describe a case of 13-year-old boy, known case of metastatic Ewing sarcoma right iliac bone, who presented to our palliative care ward with intractable pain and was finally discharged home for terminal care with high doses of morphine, ketamine, and midazolam infusion through elastomeric pump attached to a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC line). The suffering of imminently dying children should be reduced, and judicious dose escalation of opioids along with adjuvants is appropriate and often necessary.

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is an independent inflammatory demyelinating disease. A rare phenotype of MOGAD is cerebral cortical encephalitis (CCE). This case report presents unilateral recurrent cerebral cortical encephalitis (CCE) with positive anti-MOG antibodies from a 55 year old man who was admitted with headache, fever and aphasia. This case highlights the findings of hyperintense lesions in the cortex of the right temporal gyrus with slight swelling on T2 FLAIR and anti MOG antibodies in serum (1:20) and CSF (1:80) when the patient presented again to hospital after the initial improvement with IVIG and glucocorticoids. In addition, the patient was found to have atrophy of the whole brain, especially the right temporal lobe, after becoming symptom-free with glucocorticoids. In summary, anti-MOG-associated CCE can be diagnosed with headache, fever, and seizures associated with the presence of anti-MOG antibodies. Unilateral CCE is a special clinical feature of MOGAD and cerebral atrophy can be found. Steroid therapy remains to be the standard treatment.

Management strategies for petroclival menigiomas remain controversial.

Translaminar screws in the cervical spine have been mostly employed at C2 level when conventional trajectories are challenging. However, reports in the literature of translaminar screw of C1 are remarkably anecdotal. We aimed to report a case using C1 translaminar in addition to C1 lateral mass screws for the reinforcement of subaxial cervical spine reconstruction. We present a 22-year-old female patient, who developed persistent cervical pain, and computed tomography scan demonstrated lytic lesions of the vertebral bodies and lateral masses from C3 to C6. Magnetic resonance imaging showed spinal cord compression without myelopathy. Surgical biopsy was inconclusive, and an oncological vertebral instability led to surgical stabilization. Laminectomy and bilateral facetectomy of levels involved was achieved, instrumentation from C1 to T3 and reconstruction with posterolateral fibula bilaterally, and without occipital fixation. A third satellite rod was placed using C1-2-7 translaminar screws. Translaminar screw of C1 is a feasible alternative for increasing the strength of the construct.