Rejected

The diterpenoid compound, Oridonin, extracted from the Chinese herb, , possesses multiple biological activities and properties. Oridonin exhibited efficient anti-inflammatory activity by inducing a switch in macrophage polarization to the anti-inflammatory phenotype through inhibition of the Notch pathway in our study; therefore, its potential therapeutic effects were further investigated in the animal model of human Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and other polyneuropathies – experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN). Either preventive or therapeutic treatments with Oridonin greatly attenuated disease peak severity, suppressed paraparesis, shortened disease duration, and even delayed EAN onset. Progression of neuropathic pain, demyelination, inflammatory cellular accumulations, and inflammatory cytokines in peripheral nerves were significantly attenuated. Meanwhile, accumulation of immune cells in the spinal roots and microglial activation in the lumbar spinal cord were also reduced. Interestingly, Oridonin treatment significantly increased the proportion of anti-inflammatory macrophages and made them locally dominant among all infiltrated macrophages in the peripheral nerves. The down-regulation of local Notch pathway proteins, together with our results indicated their possible involvement. Taken together, our results demonstrated that Oridonin effectively suppressed EAN by attenuating local inflammatory reaction and increasing the proportion of immune regulating macrophages in the peripheral nerves, possibly through blockage of the Notch pathway, which suggests Oridonin as a potential therapeutic candidate for human GBS and neuropathies.

This case series illustrates an integrated model of care for migraine that combines standard neurological care with chiropractic treatment. For each patient, we describe the rationale for referral, diagnosis by both the neurologist and chiropractor, the coordinated care plan, communication between the neurologist and chiropractor based on direct face-to-face "hallway" interaction, medical notes, team meetings, and clinical outcomes. Findings are evaluated within the broader context of the multicause nature of migraine and the impact of integrative chiropractic. Suggestions for future areas of research evaluating integrative approaches are discussed.

Superior shoulder suspensory complex (SSSC) plays a key role in maintaining stable upper extremity- axial skeleton connection. Injury to one component is a common occurrence while double disruption leading to floating shoulder is a rare occurrence. Disruption of more than one component of this complex leads to significant morbidity and interferes with adequate shoulder function and requires surgical intervention.

Superior dislocation of patella is a rare injury. Patient usually presents with painful locking of the knee. The authors describe here a case of 54-year-male, who bumped his right knee on the edge of the bed. The patient was unable to extend his right knee. This was diagnosed as superior dislocation of patella and then managed with closed reduction with intramuscular analgesia.

Neuropathic pain is an entity that causes patient disability and its diagnosis and treatment is a challenge for physicians. In a significant percentage of patients with neuropathic pain, it is restricted to one dermatome or to a particular region of the body; in this case, it is referred to as localized neuropathic pain. There are no Mexican clinical guidelines proposing recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of localized neuropathic pain in our population. This article presents the recommendations of a multidisciplinary consensus of specialists from different areas involved in the diagnosis and treatment of this type of patients.

In advanced Fabry nephropathy stages, enzyme replacement theraphy (ERT) efficacy decreases, due to its impossibility to reverse renal fibrosis. Therefore, the finding of early kidney fibrosis biomarkers in affected patients is of interest. During renal fibrosis miR-21, miR-192 and miR-433 (fibrosis promotors) are activated by transforming growth factor- (TGF-), and miR-29 and miR-200 family (fibrosis supressors) are inhibited by TGF-. The aim of this study is to analyze the probability that Fabry disease (FD) patients with some clinical variables can present an urinary microRNAs excretion profile indicative of renal fibrosis through a logistic regression analysis.

Infant colic is a common benign disease during early infancy. Migraine and tension-type headache (TTH) are the most common primary headache forms among pediatric population. Several studies have investigated the incidence of infant colic in patients with migraine and TTH. The meta-analysis was to assess the relationship between infant colic and migraine as well as TTH.

Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) is an eye movement disorder caused by a lesion in the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) located in the midbrain. Adduction paralysis of both eyes and bilateral abduction nystagmus are the main features of INO.

Spondylolysis, a defect or fracture of the pars interarticularis due to mechanical stress, is a common cause of lower back pain (LBP) in children and adolescents. Although conservative treatment has been shown to be most effective for young patients at early or progressive stage, few studies have reported the outcomes of conservative treatment for adult spondylolysis at terminal stage. We present the possibility of bony healing in the isthmic defect at terminal stage after conservative treatment.

Jinmaitong (JMT) has been used to prevent and treat diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) for decades. The present study aimed to elucidate the effects of JMT on thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) and Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation in the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced rat model.