Rejected

We performed reliability and validity studies of the Neuropathic Pain Questionnaire (NPQ) and NPQ-SF (short-form) in the Turkish language.

Neuropathic pain (NP) is an enormous burden for patients, caregivers and society. NP is a pain state that may develop after injury of the peripheral or central nervous system because of a wide range of diseases and traumas. A NP symptom component can be found also in several types of chronic pain. Many NP patients are substantially disabled for years. Due to its chronicity, severity and unpredictability, NP is difficult to treat. Tapentadol is a central-acting oral analgesic with combined opioid and noradrenergic properties, which make it potentially suitable for a wide range of pain conditions, particularly whenever a NP component is present or cannot be excluded. In randomized controlled trials, tapentadol has proved to be effective in relieving NP in diabetic peripheral neuropathy and in chronic low back pain. In observational studies, tapentadol reduced NP in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathies, blood and solid cancers, and the NP component in neck pain and Parkinson's disease. This narrative review aims to provide clinicians with a broad overview of tapentadol effects on NP.

Idiopathic solitary cysts have a predilection for long bones and the mandible. Although the origin of these cysts is unclear, the prognosis seems to be good, given proper diagnosis and surgical treatment. A 14-year-old female patient with a bone lesion in the right mandibular ramus was referred to the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at the Medical University of Gdansk, Poland. Due to severe headache lasting two days, the patient had previously undergone magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination of the head. A unilocular bone cyst in the mandible was discovered incidentally. Comparison with a previous orthopantomogram (OPG) taken two years earlier for routine dental treatment revealed a clearly visible but smaller bone lesion at the same location. Surgery was carried out in order to achieve bone regeneration. This report documents the importance of careful evaluation and assessment of all radiographs taken, as the lesion could have been diagnosed and treated much earlier, thus lowering the risk of complications.

To investigate the correlation between sexuality and depression of CC patients.

Judgment bias tests (JBTs) use responses to ambiguous stimuli to infer emotional states in animals. However, with repeated testing, animals can learn to recognize the previously ambiguous stimuli rendering the test less effective. We describe a novel approach to this problem. Calves ( = 9) were trained in a spatial discrimination task to associate five locations with a specific probability of reward/punishment (Positive: 100%/0%; Near-Positive: 75%/25%; Middle: 50%/50%; Near-Negative: 25%/75%; Negative: 0%/100%). As predicted, calves showed increased latencies to touch locations that had higher probabilities of punishment and lower probabilities of reward. To validate our methodology for detecting mood changes, we followed calves in the hours after routine hot-iron disbudding, a time when animals were likely experiencing post-operative inflammatory pain. At 6 h after disbudding, when inflammatory pain was likely to peak, calves expressed increased approach latencies to the Positive, Near-Positive and Middle locations. These results suggest that calves perceived the value of the reward as being lower (i.e., anhedonia) or had lower expectations of positive outcomes (i.e., pessimism). When re-tested at 22 and 70 h after disbudding, we found no evidence of pessimism or anhedonia (i.e., latencies had returned to baseline). We conclude that our probability-based judgment bias task can detect pain-induced mood changes.

Haemorrhoids are vascular cushions that underlie the distal rectal mucosa and contribute approximately 15-20% of the resting anal pressure, ensuring complete closure of the anal canal. Apart of the wellknown chronic disturbances (prolapse, bleeding, pruritus) they can have an acute painful appearance that is a debilitating condition with an economic and social impact due to the time off work, high cost of treatments and reduction in quality of life. This complication, common in young adult patients with no gender differences and known as thrombosed haemorrhoids (TEH) can involve both the external and internal haemorrhoidal plexuses, being the first more frequently affected.

Extended-release vinpocetine is effective to control focal onset epileptic seizures with a low rate of adverse events. A clinical study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of vinpocetine as an adjuvant treatment in patients with this condition.

A 92-year-old woman was hospitalized with upper abdominal pain. She had a history of acute biliary pancreatitis and chronic heart failure and had undergone gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction. She was admitted with recurrent pancreatitis and an exacerbation of heart failure. Biliary drainage could not successfully be achieved endoscopically or with percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage and EUS-guided biliary drainage because of the Roux-en-Y reconstruction and non-dilation of bile duct. We successfully accomplished biliary drainage in one session with percutaneous transhepatic puncture of the common bile duct with ultrasound guidance and the rendezvous technique. We report this case because it is rare.

Long lasting and unbearable abdominal pain is the most common symptom of chronic pancreatitis (CP). This study aimed to evaluate surgical options for the control of chronic pancreatic pain based on anatomical morphological changes.

Postdural puncture headache is a leak of cerebrospinal fluid that lowers intracranial pressure and usually presents as a positional headache. If conservative treatments are not successful, the epidural blood patch is the gold standard of the treatment for dural puncture. The interlaminar approach is the most commonly used technique for an epidural blood patch. This case report describes a patient who was treated with a transforaminal epidural blood patch for postdural puncture headache following an acupuncture procedure on his lower back after two epidural blood patches using an interlaminar approach had failed. The patient underwent an acupuncture therapy for management of chronic low back pain due to postlaminectomy syndrome. After the procedure, the patient had a severe headache and the conservative treatment was not effective. The two interlaminar epidural blood patches at the L2-3 level and at the L3-4 level were failed. We performed transforaminal epidural blood patch at the L3-4 and L4-5 levels on the left side, the site of leakage in the MRI myelogram. His symptoms finally subsided without complication. This case demonstrates that targeted transforaminal epidural blood patch is a therapeutic option for the treatment of postdural puncture headache when epidural blood patch using an interlaminar approach is ineffective.