Rejected

is used in traditional medicine for the management of pain, inflammatory conditions and cancer. This study was conducted to investigate the modulatory mechanisms of methanol stem bark extract of on induction of micronuclei, apoptotic biomarkers and antioxidant enzymes in mice. Forty male albino mice were randomly divided into eight groups (n = 5) and were administered distilled water (DW, 5 mL/kg) as negative control, 100, 200 or 400 mg/kg of the extract respectively for 28 days before the injection of cyclophosphamide (CP, 40 mg/kg) on the 28th day. The remaining groups were administered 100, 200 or 400 mg/kg of the extract only for 28 days. Twenty four hours after injection of CP or administration of the last dose of extract, animals were euthanized by cervical dislocation and blood samples collected for determination of antioxidants, the spleen harvested for immunohistochemical expression of NFκB, Bcl-2, Bax and p53. Bone marrow smears were also made for the micronucleus assay. Treatment with the extract resulted in a significant ( < 0.0001) reduction in frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) compared to CP exposed control conferring protection of 75.09, 94.74 and 96.84% at 100, 200 or 400 mg/kg respectively. In extract and CP exposed animals, there were significant ( < 0.05) increases in GSH, GST and SOD with a corresponding significant ( < 0.05) reduction in MDA. In addition, the extract significantly downregulated cytoplasmic levels of NFκB and Bcl-2 and upregulated Bax and p53. These findings demonstrate that may serve as an interesting lead for chemo-preventive drug development.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the surgical outcomes and feasibility of performing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in patients with longstanding right upper quadrant pain secondary to biliary dyskinesia.

The objective of this study is to reduce the morbidity of children with homozygous sickle cell disease presenting severe forms. We have conducted a longitudinal study between November 2015 and September 2017 at the Brazzaville University Hospital. Children with sickle cell disease requiring treatment with hydroxyurea were included. The variables studied were therapeutic compliance, evolutive profile of nutritional status, indications of hydroxyurea, electrophoresis of hemoglobin, blood count, and toxicity. The statistical test used was Student test with a significance threshold of less than 0.05. One thousand twenty-four children were monitored for sickle cell disease, 107 of which had received hydroxyurea (10.4%). The indications for hydroxyurea were recurrent anemic attacks (≥ 4) in 62 cases (57.9%), neurological crises 19 cases (17.8%), recurrent hyperalgesic crises in 17 cases (15.9%), priapism in 4 cases (3.7), and acute thoracic syndrome in 2 cases (1.9%). Therapeutic compliance was good in 89.5% of them. A rapid and lasting clinical improvement was noted in the majority of patients with hyperalgesic attacks (88.2%) and anemic attacks (88.7%), two recurrences for the cerebrovascular accidents, and an absence of recurrence of priapism and of the acute thoracic syndrome. From the biological point of view, there was a significant increase in fetal hemoglobin (1.2 to 16.2%;  < 0.05), hemoglobin (7 to 8.3 g/dl;  < 0.05), mean cell volume (80.8 to 96 fl;  < 0.05) and a significant decrease in mean white blood cell count (15,633 to 9,872/mm;  < 0.05) and platelets (387,002 to 324,400/mm;  < 0.05). The signs of toxicity observed were mainly vomiting and thrombocytopenia in two cases each, one case with headache and the other with neutropenia. Indications for use of hydroxyurea therapy in children with sickle cell disease in Brazzaville are common. These are dominated by recurrent anemic seizures, strokes, and hyperalgesic seizures. The excellent evolution of these complications under hydroxyurea represents an interesting alternative in our countries with limited resources.

Electroacupuncture (EA) has effective analgesic effects. Our previous study demonstrated that the upregulation of P2X3 receptors in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) might participate in heroin withdrawal-induced hyperalgesia. The aim of this study is to further explore whether 2 Hz EA reduces heroin relapse associated with its analgesic effect and whether P2X3 receptors in the DRG are involved in this process. 2 Hz EA was adopted to treat the heroin SA rats in the present study. Heroin-seeking and pain sensitivity were evaluated. The expression of P2X3 receptors in the DRG was detected. Our results showed that compared with the control group, the reinstatement, thermal hyperalgesia, and mechanical allodynia of the heroin-addicted group were increased significantly. The expression of P2X3 receptors in the DRG was increased markedly. After being treated using 2 Hz EA, reinstatement was reduced, hyperalgesia was decreased, and the upregulated expression of P2X3 receptors in the DRG had decreased significantly compared to that in the heroin-addicted group. Consequently, our results indicated that 2 Hz EA was an effective method for treating heroin-induced hyperalgesia and helping prevent relapse, and the potential mechanism might be related to the downregulation of P2X3 receptor expression in the DRG.

Accumulating evidence suggests that natural medicines have notable curative effects on neurological conditions, such as migraine, that are mediated by regulating the gut microbial flora. A natural medicine pair used in traditional Chinese medicine, Blume and (Miq.) Miq. ex Havil. (GU), have shown excellent effect in treating migraine, yet the role of gut microbes in the therapeutic effect of GU in chronic migraine (CMG) is unknown. Here, we performed a 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomics study of the effects of GU in a nitroglycerin (NTG)-induced rat model of CMG. Our results showed that the gut microbial community structure changed significantly and was similar to that of control rats after GU administration in CMG rats. Specifically, GU increased the relative abundance of and and reduced the abundance of _1 and – in CMG rats. The metabolomics profiles of the plasma and ileum contents of CMG rats obtained with an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS) revealed similar biomarkers in both samples, and GU treatment reduced 3-indoxyl sulfate, glutamic acid, -tyrosine, and -arginine levels, and increased 5-HIAA, -tryptophan, and linoleic acid levels in plasma. Correlation analysis showed that the affected bacteria were closely related to amino acid metabolism. Most importantly, GU treatment hardly affected biomarkers in feces samples after inhibiting the activity of gut microbes. Collectively, these findings indicate that structural changes in gut flora are closely related to host metabolism and that regulating the gut microbial community structure and function may be one of the important mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of GU in migraine.

the aim of this study was to evaluate Target the effect of the addition of clonidine or magnesium sulfate of morphine, administered through IT on the duration of analgesia after spinal anesthesia for cesarean section.

: The purpose of this study was to explore the transition experience of young adults with chronic pain in Canada from the pediatric health care setting to the adult health care setting. : A qualitative descriptive approach using semistructured interviews was used to capture the transition experiences of young people with chronic pain who have recently transferred from the pediatric setting to the adult health care setting. Participants were recruited from west, central, and the east coast of Canada to situate the findings within the context of Canada. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using qualitative inductive content analysis. : Nine participants were interviewed, three from each part of Canada (west, central, and east). Five common categories were determined to describe the transition experience of young adults with chronic pain which include (1) independence (I can do it, maybe?), (2) pain trajectory (stress and pain along for the ride), (3) social support networks (need a shoulder to lean on), (4) parental support (obviously they are there), and (5) collaborative systems (the bridge). : Young people with chronic pain experience unique challenges when faced with transitioning to the adult health care setting. Supporting the young person and his or her family in preparation and readiness and collaboration between the pediatric and adult health care settings are essential to ensure a smooth transition and avoid negative transition outcomes. Further research is needed to determine the best ways to prepare young people for transition and the care activities required in both pediatric and adult health care settings to improve pain-related outcomes posttransition.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the modified thoracolumbar interfascial plane block (TLIP) on postoperative analgesia and quality of recovery in patients undergoing lumbar disk surgery.

Synovial lipomatosis is a rare disease entity and a very small number of cases have been reported so far. It is characterized by villous proliferation of the synovium with expansion by mature adipose tissue. The etiology is unclear, thought cases can be seen secondary to injury, inflammation, chronic degenerative changes and neoplasms. Etiopathogenesis is still unclear, however is seen secondary to injury, inflammation, chronic degenerative conditions and neoplasms.

Temporal artery biopsy (TAB) is useful in assisting with giant cell arteritis (GCA) diagnosis but lacks sensitivity. The aim of our study was to assess the diagnostic impact of TAB histology in patients with suspected GCA on hospital admission.