Rejected

Chronic musculoskeletal pathologies are common in horses, however, identifying related effects can be challenging. This study tested the hypothesis that movement sensors and analgesics could be used in combination to confirm the presence of restrictive pathologies by assessing lying time. Four horses presenting a range of angular limb deformities (ALDs) and four nonaffected controls were used. The study comprised two trials at separate paddock locations. Trial A consisted of a 3-day baseline phase and 2 × 3-day treatment phases, during which two analgesics were administered to two ALD horses and two controls in a standard crossover design. Trial B replicated trial A, except that as no difference between analgesics had been evident in trial A, only one analgesic was tested. Movement sensors were used to measure the horses' lying time and lying bouts. In trial A, ALD horses' basal mean lying time was significantly less than controls (means ± SD for ALD horses 213 ± 1.4 minutes and for controls 408 ± 46.7 minutes, P = .007); with analgesic administration, the difference became nonsignificant. In trial B, ALD horses' basal mean lying time was also significantly less than controls (ALD horses 179 ± 110.3 minutes; controls 422.5 ± 40.3 minutes, P < .001), again becoming nonsignificant with analgesic administration. Given the increases in ALD horses' lying time with analgesic administration, it is possible that their shorter basal lying time is associated with musculoskeletal discomfort. Despite the small sample size, movement sensors effectively measured this behavior change, indicating that they could be a useful tool to indirectly assess the impact of chronic musculoskeletal pathologies in horses.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, nonspecific, inflammatory disease of the colon. Colorectal is the main target organ of UC, while other digestive tract involvement is rare. This report describes 2 rare cases of duodenal mucosa lesions in patients with UC after total colectomy.

Spinal cord injury is a disabling disorder, leading to neurological impairments. Although some microRNAs have been reported to be associated with spinal cord injury, the function of microRNA-362-3p, as one of downregulated miRNAs after spinal cord injury, is still unclear. In current study, spinal cord injury models were established. Then, we performed microRNA-362-3p overexpression in spinal cord injury rats, which expressed the low microRNA-362-3p. Results from behavioral testing, hematoxylin and eosin staining and Nissl staining revealed that microRNA-362-3p over expresssion improved the functional resoration in spinal cord injury rats. Furthermore, it caused the decrease of neuronal apoptosis and inhibition of the neuronal inflammation in these rats. Besides, Paired box gene 2 was verified as a target gene of microRNA-362-3p using luciferase assay, which predicted via bioinformatics technology. Moreover, microRNA-362-3p alleviated the neuralgia and reduced the activation of ERK and p38 through inhibition of Paired box gene 2. In conclusion, the findings demonstrated that microRNA-362-3p attenuated neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury through targeting Paired box gene 2. It provides us the new biomarker to diagnose and monitor spinal cord injury.

Chronic low back pain lasts longer than 12 weeks and is characterised by pain, muscle weakness, reduced functional ability and psychosocial burden.

Depression is an often underdiagnosed and, therefore, untreated comorbidity for low-income, racially or ethnically diverse patients with a chronic illness such as diabetes. Recent updates from the US Preventive Services Task Force guidelines in 2016 recommend depression screening for every adult but does not suggest the mode of assessment. Short message service (SMS) text messaging is an inexpensive, private, and scalable approach to provide depression screening and monitoring; it can also alleviate many barriers, such as transportation, childcare, and clinical visit time faced by the low-income population, in receiving a diagnosis of depression. Current evidence is inconsistent in comparing technology-mediated assessment versus interviewer (INTW) assessment in collecting sensitive health information, as some studies suggest that technology encourages self-disclosure while the other studies show the opposite effect.

In late 2014, Portugal implemented a national program for the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C with directacting antiviral agents. This program has made Portugal one of the first European countries to implement a structured measure of treatment to eliminate this serious public health problem. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of direct-acting antiviral therapy in the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection.

Visual tests can be used as noninvasive tools to test models of the pathophysiology underlying neurological conditions, such as migraine. They may also be used to track changes in performance that vary with the migraine cycle or can track the efficacy of prophylactic treatments. This article reviews the literature on performance differences on two visual tasks, global motion discrimination and orientation, which, of the many visual tasks that have been used to compare differences between migraine and control groups, have yielded the most consistent patterns of group differences. The implications for understanding the underlying pathophysiology in migraine are discussed, but the main focus is on bringing together disparate areas of research and suggesting those that can reveal practical uses of visual tests to treat and manage migraine.