Rejected

Patients with back-related leg pain exhibit nociceptive and neuropathic characteristics. Few studies have investigated the combination of interventions considering these characteristics.

Organ changes during the aging are one of the signifi cant events in old patients. rthopedic surgeries are common operations in these patients that accompany with hemodynamic changes as blood pressure decrease, heart rate, and respiratory rate change. On the other hand, pain management of the ancient patients due to negative consequences as tachycardia, blood pressure increase, and myocardial ischemia is vital. Various types of opioid analgesics have been used in order to pain control in these patients. We decided to conduct the present study in order to compare the hemodynamic changes of the old patients who undergo lower limbs orthopedic surgeries by applying subarachnoid bupivacaine and meperidine (pethidine).

Allergic Rhinitis (AR) is an IgE-mediated inflammatory disorder with high morbidity rates. The eitiology of this disease is understood to occur from a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. T helper type 2 cells have been shown to have a crucial role in atopic disease due to their production of the cytokines, intelukin and , involved in inflammation. Research has shown single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the and genes to be associated increased levels of IgE and with allergic diseases such as, allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis. Specifically, the rs2243250 SNP of IL-4 and the rs20541 SNP of have been shown to be associated with AR.

Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS) and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) are complex medical conditions with similar symptoms such as anxiety, fatigue, depression, headaches, muscle aches and joint pain. The etiology of both these syndromes is unknown. The objective of this study is to characterize FMS, both in the presence and in the absence of CFS, by analyzing variations in cortisol secretion patterns, timings, amplitudes, and the number of the underlying pulses as well as infusion and clearance rates. The comparison is performed against matched healthy control subjects. We estimate the hormonal secretory events by deconvolving cortisol data using a two-step coordinate descent approach. The first step implements a sparse recovery approach to infer the amplitudes and the timings of the cortisol secretion events from limited cortisol hormone data. The main advantage of this method is estimating the cortisol secretory events using a system theoretic approach. The second step is to estimate the physiological system parameters (i.e. infusion and clearance rates). This approach has been verified on healthy individuals previously. Our results show that the clearance rate of cortisol by the liver is relatively lower in patients as compared to the matched healthy individuals. This suggests that there is a relatively higher accumulation of serum cortisol in patients when compared to matched healthy subjects.

A 25-year-old, previously healthy female presented with a 3 months history of new-onset headache, polyuria and polydipsia. There was no infection, trauma, or drug intake prior symptoms. Physical examination was unremarkable; laboratory tests were consistent with increased inflammation markers along with hypernatremia, high serum osmolality, and low urine osmolality. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Although case reports have suggested that the erector spinae plane block (ESPB) may help analgesia for patients after breast surgery, no study to date has assessed its effectiveness. This retrospective observational study analyzed the analgesic effects of the ESPB after total mastectomy.

Occipital nerve stimulation (ONS) is widely used for headache syndromes including chronic migraine (CM) and chronic cluster headache (CCH). The paraesthesia associated with tonic stimulation can be bothersome and can limit therapy. It is now clear in spinal cord stimulation that paraesthesia-free waveforms can produce effective analgesia, but this has not been reported in ONS for CM or CCH.

There are limited treatment options available to control the progression of vitiligo and most of these treatment options carry the risk of both short term as well as long-term adverse effects. Apremilast has emerged as a promising treatment option in psoriasis and many other cutaneous disorders. We report herein the successful use of oral apremilast therapy in controlling the progression of adult onset vitiligo in 13 patients. The patients had not responded to other systemic treatments earlier. In addition to the control of progression, 8 patients (61.5%) showed some evidence of repigmentation after apremilast therapy. Gastrointestinal adverse effects and headache were the commonest adverse effects reported that led to cessation of treatment in 2 cases. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

The relationship between vedolizumab trough levels and combined endoscopic and clinical remission is unknown.