Rejected

Pregabalin is the first drug to receive FDA approval for treating diabetic neuropathic pain. This study investigated the neuroprotective effect of pregabalin in an experimental model of diabetic retinopathy and tested some possible mechanisms underlying the putative neuroprotective effect. Male Wistar rats received streptozotocin (45 mg/kg) to induce type 1 diabetes mellitus. After two weeks, a course of pregabalin (3, 10 and 30 mg/kg) has been launched for five consecutive weeks. Retinal expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was estimated by real-time PCR and retinal glutamate content was also estimated. Further, retinal caspase-3 immunoblotting and DNA fragmentation assays determined the degree of apoptosis. Pregabalin improved histopathological abnormalities in diabetic retinas and suppressed the diabetes-enhanced retinal expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, CDb (a surface marker for microglia) while attenuated expression of caspase-3 and DNA fragmentation versus the diabetic group. In addition, diabetic rats treated with pregabalin displayed reductions in retinal glutamate, nitric oxide and malondialdehyde (MDA) and enhanced reduced glutathione (GSH) content versus the diabetic controls. Furthermore, pregabalin enhanced the histopathological picture and reduced fibrosis in the optic nerve of diabetic rats in addition to suppression of the content of the glia fibrillary acidic protein. The findings provide the first evidence demonstrating that pregabalin alleviates retinal neuroinflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress in an experimental type 1 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, pregabalin might serve as a potential therapy for retinopathy after adequate clinical research.

to identify postural balance changes in subjects with low back pain after the application of Kinesio Taping, which is then compared to a no treatment control group, using baropodometric evaluation.

A 98-year-old man with 2 days of headache, nausea, malaise and unsteadiness was referred to the ED by his GP with a suspicion of an intracranial bleed. His medical history included atrial fibrillation (AF) (taking warfarin). Observations were SpO2 95% on air, RR24, HR88, BP210/104, GCS14, Temp 34.3. On examination he had bilateral creps and was sleepy but not confused. A septic screen was undertaken and intravenous ceftriaxone given. His CTH was essentially normal. His CXR is shown in figure 1 emermed;36/7/442/F1F1F1Figure 1Anteropsterior(AP) CXR at presentation. QUESTION: What is the diagnosis?Acute collapse and consolidation secondary to pneumonia.Spontaneous haemothorax.Acute consolidation with underlying old TB.Traumatic lung contusions.

Post-craniotomy pain can be severe and is often undermanaged. Opioids can interfere with neurological monitoring and are associated with adverse effects. This systematic review aimed to identify measures of opioid-free analgesia and compare their effectiveness with opioid analgesia for post-craniotomy pain in patients with supratentorial tumors.

This article is a practical and technical guide for plastic surgeons interested in or practicing migraine surgery. It discusses the goals of migraine surgery including selection of appropriate candidates (screening form contained), pertinent anatomy, and surgical techniques with text summary, intraoperative photographs, and videos. In addition, pearls and pitfalls, the most common complications, and current procedural terminology (CPT) coding are detailed.

Description of new technique.

Several nerve blocks can reduce the incidence of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) as well as relieve acute zoster-related pain, but the long-term outcome of PHN has not been clearly determined. This study investigated the efficacy of selective nerve root block (SNRB) for herpes zoster (HZ) on the long-term outcome of PHN.

The current study aimed to ascertain differences in early postmedication pain reduction in participants presenting with acute musculoskeletal injuries (MSI) to the ED receiving intramuscular (IM) versus per oral (PO) diclofenac.

To identify associated (non-)motor profiles of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with hyperhidrosis as a dominant problem.