Rejected

Ectopic salivary glands have been found in both extracranial and intracranial locations, however, intrasellar symptomatic salivary gland is extremely rare and its clinical manifestation, radiological characteristics and outcome have not been systematically studied. Here we present a case series of intrasellar symptomatic salivary gland and perform a literature review to better characterize this disease.

This paper contains data that can be used in interpretation of the pharmacological effects of sinomenine combined with gabapentin or ligustrazine hydrochloride on chronic pain. The data can be divided into two parts. The first part is regarding if there were noticeable side effects accompanying drug applications of sinomenine plus gabapentin or ligustrazine hydrochloride. These side effects include sedation and change of core body temperature as well as tissue edema and sustained itch. The data were acquired from the open field test in mice, and provided insights for the effects of drug combination therapy on locomotive activities, rearing behaviors and body temperature. The second part is regarding whether sinomenine could be accumulated in the central nervous system (CNS) tissue following repeated drug administration. The data were acquired using microdialysis, which illustrated the pharmacokinetic properties of sinomenine, by showing relative concentrations of sinomenine in blood and CNS tissue, following single or repeated drug application. Data presented here is related to and supportive of the research article by Gao et al., "Sinomenine facilitates the efficacy of gabapentin or ligustrazine hydrochloride in animal models of neuropathic pain"[1], where interpretation of the research data presented here is available.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a disease characterized by relapsing eczema with pruritus as a primary lesion. The current strategies to treat AD in Japan from the perspective of evidence-based medicine consist of three primary measures: (i) the use of topical corticosteroids and tacrolimus ointment as the main treatment for the inflammation; (ii) topical application of emollients to treat the cutaneous barrier dysfunction; and (iii) avoidance of apparent exacerbating factors, psychological counseling and advice about daily life. The guidelines present recommendations to review clinical research articles, evaluate the balance between the advantages and disadvantages of medical activities, and optimize medical activity-related patient outcomes with respect to several important points requiring decision-making in clinical practice.

Pregnancy is associated with increased coarctation-associated complications. We report the successful management of emergency lower-segment cesarean delivery in a patient with coarctation of aorta. A parturient at 34 weeks of gestation of a twin pregnancy with uncorrected coarctation of aorta was taken for emergency lower-segment cesarean delivery to be performed using epidural anesthesia. A mixture of lignocaine (lidocaine), bupivacaine, and fentanyl was administered epidurally. In view of unsatisfactory motor action, general anesthesia had to be administered. However, because of sufficient analgesia due to the epidural drugs, optimal hemodynamic control was achieved. A combination of general and epidural anesthesia minimizes adverse effects of coarctation of aorta, with improved maternal and fetal outcomes.

A 52-year-old woman known to have anti-synthetase syndrome (ASS) with positive anti-alanyl-tRNA synthetase antibody (anti-PL 12) for 4 years presented with headache and progressive deterioration of cognitive functions manifested predominantly by episodes of confusion and dyslexia. Clinical, laboratory and radiological evaluation as well as response to treatment was indicative of vasculitis of the central nervous system (CNS). CNS vasculitis is one of the rare manifestations of inflammatory myositis and no case has been reported to suggest CNS vasculitis in ASS.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a well diagnosed disease, thoroughly attributed to series of symptoms criteria that embrace a broad range of abdominal complainers. Such criteria help to diagnosis the disease and can guide controlled clinical trials to seek new therapeutic agents. Accordingly, a verity of mechanisms and pathophysiological conditions including inflammation, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and different life styles are involved in IBS. Predictably, diverse therapeutic approaches are available and prescribed by clinicians due to major manifestations (i.e., diarrhea-predominance, constipation-predominance, abdominal pain and visceral hypersensitivity), psychological disturbances, and patient preferences between herbal treatments versus pharmacological therapies, dietary or microbiological approaches. Herein, we gathered the latest scientific data between 1973 and 2019 from databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus and Cochrane library on relevant studies concerning beneficial effects of herbal treatments for IBS, in particular polyphenols. This is concluded that polyphenols might be applicable for preventing IBS and improving the IBS symptoms, mainly through suppressing the inflammatory signaling pathways, which nowadays are known as novel platform for the IBS management. Graphical abstract.

Few studies have examined the epidemiology of herpes zoster (HZ) and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) in China. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of HZ and PHN in China, and to examine the clinical characteristics of patients identified with PHN.

Inflammatory pain occurs when local tissue injury activates macrophages and neutrophils, hence increasing pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine levels. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) antagonism reportedly suppresses neuropathic and inflammatory pain.