Rejected

Nasal administration of Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history of applications. With the gradual maturing of technology and pharmacological advances, nasal preparations of TCM have undergone significant changes. Nasal TCM formulations are used not only for treatment of pneumonia, asthma, sinusitis and allergic rhinitis but also Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, as antidepressants and antiepileptics, and in ischemia reperfusion. However, according to the analysis of nasal preparations of TCM currently on the market, most of them were compound preparations, which were used to treat allergic rhinitis (AR), common cold, headache and other local treatments, with a small range of diseases. At the same time, the dosage forms were mainly traditional dosage forms, aerosols and sprays, but there were no new dosage forms, which can not meet the clinical needs in terms of variety number, variety diversity and disease types. In this manuscript, we reviewed the development and applications of different nasal preparations of TCM from the aspects of nasal structure, origin, factors affecting absorption and common dosage forms, pharmacodynamics, targeting of nasal delivery and safety. In the near future, we expect that more nasal preparations of Chinese medicine with independent intellectual property rights will be marketed to meet the needs of clinical disease management.

Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the bladder. However, there are only a few medicines that are of pharmaceutical grade and reliably effective for IC/BPS symptoms. Choreito (CRT) is a pharmaceutical-grade Kampo medicine and has been widely prescribed for patients of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and BPS in Japan. In this study, we exploratory investigated the effects of CRT on the IC/BPS-like symptoms induced by tranilast.

Epidural clonidine improves analgesia but may induce adverse effects in labor.

Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease (KFD) or histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitys is a rare disorder characterized by subacute necrotizing regional lymphadenopathy. It is usually presented as painful cervical nodes and associated with fever, headache, night sweats, nausea, vomiting and sore throat. Etiology of KFD is still unclear, two theories have been proposed: infections and autoimmune origin. Due to recent reports of KFD related to COVID-19 vaccination, the novelty of the mechanism of these vaccines and the immunomodulated role of both matters, a literature and adverse event databases review was carried out in order to shed light on the relationship between these two matters. A search in the Spanish and the European adverse events databases (FEDRA and Eudravigilance) was performed. Search criteria were any drug and the diagnosis "Histiocytic necrotising lymphadenitis" according to the Medical Dictionary for Medical Activities version 25.0. All adverse events registered as June 2, 2022, were included. FEDRA encompassed two KFD reports, one related to a mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. Eudravigilance included a total of 62 KFD cases, 14 of them associated to COVID-19 vaccines and eight to other vaccines. Pharmacovigilance is of utter importance in detecting adverse events caused by new vaccines. More research is needed to establish a final connection between KFD and COVD-19 vaccines, but due to the physiopathology of the condition, how vaccines stimulate the immune system and the high number of reported KFD cases with vaccines given its rare incidence, it is plausible to think that both entities are related.

To analyze the effects of ( infection and eradication therapy on small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). From September to December 2021, patients with abdominal symptoms who received C urea breath test at the Department of Gastroenterology in Peking University First Hospital were enrolled.C urea breath test was used to detect infection and patients were divided into positive and negative groups accordingly. Lactulose hydrogen methane breath test was performed to determine SIBO. positive patients were treated with quadruple therapy including amoxicillin, metronidazole, rabeprazole and bismuth potassium citrate. C urea breath test and lactulose hydrogen methane breath test were reexamined 6 weeks after the treatment. A total of 102 patients (49 males and 53 females) were enrolled, with a mean age of (42.1±9.9) years. Among them, 49 patients were negative and 53 were positive. Moreover, 47 patients were SIBO positive and 55 were SIBO negative. There was no significant difference in age, sex, body mass index, abdominal symptoms and the diagnosis of chronic atrophic gastritis between positive and negative patients at the enrollment (all >0.05). The detection rate of SIBO in infected patients was higher than that in uninfected patients, and the difference was statistically significant (60.4% vs 30.6%, =0.003). Patients with SIBO had significantly more frequent abdominal distension (36.2% vs 10.9%, =0.002) and constipation (27.7% vs 1.8%, <0.001) than patients without SIBO. The rate of SIBO after eradication treatment was significantly lower than that before treatment (20.8% vs 60.4%, <0.001). The remission rate of SIBO after eradication therapy was 66.7% (20/30). Besides, patients had obvious improvement of constipation (6.0% vs 18.9%, =0.008), and the incidence of other abdominal symptoms decreased to various degrees including diarrhea, abdominal pain, abdominal distention and poor appetite. infection increases the risk of SIBO, and the quadruple regimen containing amoxicillin and metronidazole has a therapeutic effect for patients with infection and concomitant SIBO.

Ultrasound guided caudal epidural block (CEB) and transversus abdominis plane block (TAPB) are two techniques which are used for pain management after inguinal hernia surgeries (IHR). CEB is accepted as gold standard for lower abdominal surgeries while TAPB is more popular.

Isolated lesser tuberosity fractures are a rare subset of proximal humerus fractures and are often associated with seizures. Displaced fractures can lead to chronic pain, reduced shoulder function, and posterior instability. Operative treatment is frequently recommended with the displacement of more than 5 mm or angulation of more than 45 degrees. We report on a 31-year-old man with bilateral lesser tuberosity fractures who underwent operative fixation for 1 fracture and nonoperative fixation for the other.

Adenocarcinoma has the highest incidence among malignant tumors of the small intestine (SI). Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) often occurs in organs covered with squamous epithelium. Primary or metastatic SCC originating from the SI is very rare, with very few cases reported in the literature.

Sphenoid sinus fungus ball (SSFB) is a rare entity and usually presents with non-specific symptoms. SSFB could potentially lead to serious orbital and intracranial complications. Computed tomography (CT) scan is usually the first imaging test of the diagnostic workup in patients with specific clinical symptoms. This study aimed to compare the clinical characteristics and CT features between SSFB and unilateral (non-fungus ball) chronic sphenoid rhinosinusitis (USRS) and help differentiate between these two most common inflammatory diseases of the sphenoid sinus.

To evaluate and compare postoperative analgesic effects of grapiprant and carprofen in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy.