Rejected

Cannabinoids are increasingly-used substances in the treatment of chronic pain, some neuropsychiatric disorders and more recently, skin disorders with an inflammatory component. However, various studies cite conflicting results concerning the cellular mechanisms involved, while others suggest that cannabinoids may even exert pro-inflammatory behaviors. This paper aims to detail and clarify the complex workings of cannabinoids in the molecular setting of the main dermatological inflammatory diseases, and their interactions with other substances with emerging applications in the treatment of these conditions. Also, the potential role of cannabinoids as antitumoral drugs is explored in relation to the inflammatory component of skin cancer. In vivo and in vitro studies that employed either phyto-, endo-, or synthetic cannabinoids were considered in this paper. Cannabinoids are regarded with growing interest as eligible drugs in the treatment of skin inflammatory conditions, with potential anticancer effects, and the readiness in monitoring of effects and the facility of topical application may contribute to the growing support of the use of these substances. Despite the promising early results, further controlled human studies are required to establish the definitive role of these products in the pathophysiology of skin inflammation and their usefulness in the clinical setting.

No available data on incidence, surgical approaches, complications and survival for patients with infra-tentorial meningiomas in developing countries. Predictors for surgical resection, recurrence, and complications were analyzed based on the surgical outcomes of patients with infratentorial meningiomas.

The management of pituitary apoplexy, caused by acute hemorrhage and/or infarction of a pituitary adenoma, is debated.

To 1) develop and refine a 1-day trans-diagnostic psychotherapeutic "ACT on Life" workshop tailored for Veterans with mild traumatic brain injury, stress-based psychopathology, and pain; 2) examine the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of this intervention.

Many psoriasis patients are bothered by symptoms in highly visible, pruritic areas, such as the scalp.

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) incidence is increasing with the rising global prevalence of diabetes. In spite of following best practice standard of care, most DFUs are slow to heal. Photobiomodulation (PBM), previously known as low-level laser therapy, has been shown to accelerate healing of acute or chronic wounds, and specifically DFUs. However, the frequent applications required translates to frequent visits at the clinic, which are difficult for patients with DFU. In the following case series, we present our preliminary experience with a recently approved (Health Canada) consumer home-use PBM device as an adjuvant to standard treatment. Four men presented at the clinic (67 to 84 years of age) with DFUs/diabetic leg ulcers. The PBM treatment (808 nm, 250-mW peak power, 15 KHz, 5 J/min, ray size 4.5×1.0 cm) was applied by the patients themselves at the clinic or at home. In the cases presented, all wounds closed within 1 to 3 weeks with no reported adverse events. Patients found the routine easy to follow and painless. In wounds that involved pain, patients reported pain reduction after 1 to 3 treatments. Based on our previous experience with these patients, self-applied PBM as an adjunct therapy led to accelerated healing and rapid pain alleviation compared with standard care alone. In summary, hard-to-heal diabetic wounds are a burden for patients, a burden for caregivers and costly for the health-care system. These observations support the view that the home-use device can be easily integrated as an adjuvant treatment to standard care at the clinic or home and, most importantly, encourage patient involvement in his or her own care.

Current medical profession involves an extensive knowledge of the latest validated scientific data to implement disease diagnosis, therapeutic strategies, and patient care. Although clinicians can refer to a growing number and type of information sources to keep current with new scientific achievements, there are still various concerns about medical information validity, quality, and applicability into clinical practice. Novel strategies are required to identify physicians' real-life needs with the final aim to improve modern medical information delivery.

To determine the frequency of remission defined by the absence of the various disease manifestations of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and identify predictors for remission.

The visual system has one of the most complex structures of all sensory systems and is perhaps the most important sense for everyday life. Its functional organization was extensively studied for decades in animal and humans, for example by correlating circumscribed anatomical lesions in patients with the resulting visual dysfunction. During the past two decades, significant achievements were accomplished in characterizing and modulating visual information processing using non-invasive stimulation techniques of the normal and damaged human eye and brain. Techniques include transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and low intensity electric stimulation using either direct or alternating currents applied transcranially (tDCS or tACS) near or above the visual cortex, or alternating currents applied transorbitally (trACS). In the case of transorbital stimulation of the visual system the electrodes are attached near the eye, to the eyelids (transpalpebral electrical stimulation – TPES) or the cornea (tanscorneal electrical stimulation TcES). Here, we summarize the state-of-the-art of visual system magnetic and electric stimulation as a method to modulate normal vision, induce brain plasticity, and to restore visual functions in patients. We review this field's history, models of current flow paths in the eye and brain, neurophysiological principles (e.g. entrainment and after-effects), the effects on vision in normal subjects and the clinical impact on plasticity and vision restoration in patients with low vision, with a particular focus on "off-line" or "after-effects". With regard to the therapeutic possibilities, ACS was demonstrated to be effective in patients affected by glaucoma and optic neuropathy, while tDCS and random noise stimulation (tRNS) are most promising for the treatment of amblyopia, hemianopia and myopia. In addition, rTMS applied above the occipital area is a promising approach to treat migraine, neglect and hemianopia. Although the response to these treatment options is better than to sham stimulation in double blinded clinical studies, the clinical efficacy is still rather variable and a proportion of patients do not respond. It is therefore imperative to better understand the mechanisms of action to be able to optimize treatment protocols possibly through personalization of brain stimulation protocols. By identifying the current opportunities and challenges in the field, we hope to provide insights to help improve neuromodulation protocols to restore visual function in patients with visual system damage.