Rejected

Multiple randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews have been conducted to summarize the evidence for administration of local anesthetic (lidocaine) alone or with steroids, with discordant opinions, more in favor of equal effect with local anesthetic alone or with steroids.

Skin complication caused by anti-programmed cell death-1(PD1)antibody is a typical immune-related adverse event. We designed this study to clarify the correlation between risk factors(patient's background and laboratory data)and skin toxicity( rash and eruption, excluding itch)after administration of either nivolumab or pembrolizumab. From February 2016 to January 2018, we evaluated the clinical outcomes of 54 patients who were administered anti-PD1 antibody. The patients were divided into 2 groups: 9 patients with skin eruption caused by anti-PD1 antibody(skin eruption group)and 45 patients without skin eruption caused by anti-PD1 antibody(non-skin eruption group). Univariate analysis revealed a significant difference in eosinophil counts in both the groups before anti-PD1 antibody administration(>300/µL)(p=0.020). Factors with p<0.2 in the univariate analysis and 4 factors, age(<65 years of age), sex(male), allergy(+), and pembrolizumab, likely to be related to the appearance of skin eruption, were examined by multivariate analysis. Consequently, eosinophil count before anti-PD1 antibody administration(>300/µL)was identified as a risk factor (odds ratio: 9.530, 95% confidence interval: 1.260-71.80). In conclusion, we suggest that cases with an increased eosinophil count before anti-PD1 antibody administration(>300/µL)may be associated with the appearance of skin eruption.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with high symptom burden. However, treatment decisions currently depend heavily on physician interpretation of clinical parameters and may not consider patients' health preferences. The NIH Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) initiative standardized a set of patient-reported outcomes for use in chronic diseases. This study identifies preference rankings among patients with PDAC and physicians for PROMIS domains and compares the priorities of patients and their providers.

Resilience is a multidimensional construct that explains why people facing the consequences of adversity and stress can have a positive outcome, emphasizing adjustment to experiences that are perceived as threatening.

Over 50% of patients with heart failure (HF) report suffering from pain and pain-related burdens; however, pain in HF patients has not been recognized or well treated. Few studies have comprehensively examined pain management in patients with HF from nurses' perception.

Coronavirus (CoV) is a virus infectious disease with a considerable spectrum of clinical presentations. Symptoms ranged from asymptomatic infection to severe pneumonia that may lead to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and several clinical complications. Neurologic symptoms related to CoV have been described recently in the literature. The relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and the central nervous system (CNS) is still not clear. This review aimed to reveal the current knowledge regarding CNS manifestation in SARS-CoV-2. A systematic literature review was carried out to identify the particularities of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with CNS involvement, using the PubMed database between January 1, 2020 and April 30, 2020. Conference papers, reviews, published letters, editorials, studies in pregnant women and children, and studies only reporting on a specific factor were excluded. An initial search included as many as 83 articles. Out of the 83 screened articles, 32 were selected for full-text review. Sixteen studies were excluded because they did not analyze nervous system involvement in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thus, 16 papers were included in this review. There were three retrospective studies and 13 case reports/series of cases. Data from the current literature reveal that patients who suffer from a severe illness have more CNS involvement, neurological symptoms (i.e., dizziness, headache) and an association with strokes. The severe patients had higher D-dimer and C-reactive protein levels than non-severe patients and presented multiple organ involvement, such as serious liver, kidney and muscle damage.

The COVID-19 pandemic has worsened the pain and suffering of chronic pain patients due to stoppage of "elective" interventional pain management and office visits across the United States. The reopening of America and restarting of interventional techniques and elective surgical procedures has started. Unfortunately, with resurgence in some states, restrictions are once again being imposed. In addition, even during the Phase II and III of reopening, chronic pain patients and interventional pain physicians have faced difficulties because of the priority selection of elective surgical procedures.Chronic pain patients require high intensity care, specifically during a pandemic such as COVID-19. Consequently, it has become necessary to provide guidance for triaging interventional pain procedures, or related elective surgery restrictions during a pandemic.

A 9-year-old Cairn Terrier was presented for a right thoracic limb lameness of 3-month duration resistant to anti-inflammatory pain treatment. Blood chemistry revealed a highly elevated creatine kinase activity. An orthopedic or vascular etiology of the lameness was excluded by radiographs, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Further workup for a neurologic or muscular etiology by electromyography, nerve conduction velocity measurement, and histology of muscle as well as nerve biopsies identified the cause of the lameness. Histology revealed a pyogranulomatous, necrotizing myositis with parasites of the species . Furthermore different developmental stages of fungi were detected which were identified as sp. Treatment with albendazole and itraconazole significantly improved the patient's clinical signs.

Personality disorders (PDs) have a prevalence of approximately 9% in the United States. Patients with these disorders frequently are encountered in the family medicine setting. It is thought that a combination of unknown genetic factors and life experiences, particularly adverse childhood experiences, contribute to PD development. The diagnosis of patients with PD is complex and should be performed by a psychiatry or psychology subspecialist. The (Fifth Edition) () divides the 10 PDs into three clusters based on descriptive commonalities. Individuals with cluster A PDs often are described as odd or eccentric. Individuals with cluster B PDs often appear dramatic and emotional and exhibit erratic behavior. Individuals with cluster C PDs often appear anxious and fearful. Family physicians should be able to recognize patients with characteristics suggestive of PDs who should be considered for screening. Management consists mainly of psychotherapy. Use of pharmacotherapy is recommended in some specific situations. Patients with PDs can have significant disabilities, medical comorbidities, and high rates of health care use. They have a higher incidence of sleep disorders, chronic pain, chronic health conditions, and obesity than patients in the general population.

The transient receptor potential (TRP) channel superfamily is comprised of a large group of cation-permeable channels, which display an extraordinary diversity of roles in sensory signaling and are involved in plethora of animal behaviors. These channels are activated through a wide variety of mechanisms and participate in virtually every sensory modality. Modulating TRP channel activity provides an important way to regulate membrane excitability and intracellular calcium levels. This is reflected by the fact that small molecule compounds modulating different TRPs have all entered clinical trials for a variety of diseases. The role of TRPs will be further elucidated in complex diseases of the nervous, intestinal, renal, urogenital, respiratory, and cardiovascular systems in diverse therapeutic areas including pain and itch, headache, pulmonary function, oncology, neurology, visceral organs, and genetic diseases. This review focuses on recent developments in the TRP ion channel-related area and highlights evidence supporting TRP channels as promising targets for new analgesic drugs for therapeutic intervention. This review presents a variety of: (1) phylogeny aspects of TRP channels; (2) some structural and functional characteristics of TRPs; (3) a general view and short characteristics of main seven subfamilies of TRP channels; (4) the evidence for consider TRP channels as therapeutic and analgesic targets; and finally (5) further perspectives of TRP channels research.