Rejected

Cathepsin G (CatG) is involved in controlling numerous processes of the innate and adaptive immune system. These features include the proteolytic activity of CatG and play a pivotal role in alteration of chemokines as well as cytokines, clearance of exogenous and internalized pathogens, platelet activation, apoptosis, and antigen processing. This is in contrast to the capability of CatG acting in a proteolytic-independent manner due to the net charge of arginine residues in the CatG sequence which interferes with bacteria. CatG is a double-edged sword; CatG is also responsible in pathophysiological conditions, such as autoimmunity, chronic pulmonary diseases, HIV infection, tumor progression and metastasis, photo-aged human skin, Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome, and chronic inflammatory pain. Here, we summarize the latest findings for functional responsibilities of CatG in immunity, including bivalent regulation of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules, which underscore an additional novel role of CatG within the immune system.

Neuropathic pain is caused by damage or disease happened to somatosensory nerve system. Due to the high prevalence and inefficient clinic intervention, neuropathic pain has brought considerable burden for world health care system. It is urgent to find novel targets for neuropathic pain basic research and clinical management. In this study, we found that miR-22-3p was decreased in (Chronic Constriction Injury) CCI rats and involved in neuropathic pain progression. Furthermore, it was found that ENO1 was a downstream target of miR-22-3p by using bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assays. MiR-22-3p downregulation promoted neuropathic pain via regulating inflammation factors expression by targeting ENO1. Then, we explored the upstream regulator of miR-22-3p by using Miranda database. It was found that circular RNA ZNF609 sponged miR-22-3p by biotinylated RNA pull-down, AGO2-RIP, and luciferase reporter assays. Collectively, our study revealed that circZNF609 promoted inflammation factors expression to aggravate neuropathic pain progression via miR-22-3p/ENO1 axis in CCI rat models. Our study might provide a new direction for neuropathic pain basic research.

We aimed to examine the association of type 1 diabetes with school wellbeing among Danish children.

Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common form of arthritis, is characterized by chronic inflammation, degeneration of articular cartilage and whole joints. Local delivery by intra-articular (IA) injection of small molecules is an established treatment to relieve pain and improve joint motion, requiring month-lasting release of therapeutic drug doses. We incorporated anti-inflammatory drug celecoxib in poly (D, L-lactic acid) microparticles using two spray-drying approaches – either as a solid drug solution or embedded as milled nano drug. Differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction, electron microscopy and in vitro drug release allowed comparison of the microparticles. Both types resulted in spherical particles ranging from 20 to 40 μm mean size, with high drug loadings (10 % to 50 % w/w) and entrapment efficiencies > 80 %. However, after 90 days, in vitro celecoxib release from nano drug embedded microparticles presented a significantly slower release in comparison to drug in solution microparticles, attributed to the presence of stabilized amorphous drug. No cytotoxicity was observed in human articular synoviocytes and PGE release was fully suppressed at low doses of both microparticulate systems. This study provides techniques to release high drug loads over months in a tunable manner, providing valuable options for the IA management of osteoarthritis.

There has been increasing attention regarding quadratus lumborum block (QLB) and erector spinae plane block (ESPB) as effective truncal blocks. There have been reports of combined QLB and ESPB usage in hip surgery resulting in a symbiotic increase in effectiveness. However, there have been no reports regarding robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN), which requires multiple port holes ranging from near the xiphoid process to below the umbilicus. We hypothesized that the combined use of QLB and ESPB was an option for anesthesia and analgesia during RAPN.

A consecutive case series of patients with dupilumab-associated ocular surface disease (DAOSD) that describes common ocular symptoms and signs, proposes a symptom disease severity grading system, and describes treatment strategies of DAOSD patients was evaluated.

Our study aimed to test the hypothesis that the addition of intrathecal morphine (ITM) results in reduced postoperative opioid use and enhanced postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing open liver resection using a standardized enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol with multimodal analgesia.

Ketamine has been used for decades for a variety of indications. Beyond the historical benefits and effects of ketamine, newer developments have occurred worthy of an update. This review will discuss common uses and indications for ketamine in the perioperative setting, as well as highlight newer indications in recent years.

Although athletic endeavours are associated with a high amount of physical stress and injury, the prevalence of pain is underreported in the sports medicine literature with only a few studies reporting pain on collegiate athletes or exploring sex difference of pain. Impact of pain on athlete availability, training and performance can be mitigated when key epidemiological information is used to inform adequate pain management strategies. This study aims to 1) provide an epidemiological profile of self-reported pain experienced by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletes by sex during the first half of the 2019 season, 2) describe their self-reported non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use.

There exists a subgroup of patients who undergo neck dissection (ND) who postoperatively complain of either neuropathic pain, dysaesthesia and/or discomfort that is located within the dermatomal distribution of the cervical plexus. The purpose of our study was to determine the prevalence, characteristic, and demographics of these symptoms in our patient cohort. We undertook a retrospective randomised observational cohort study of 105 patients who had undergone ND. The primary predictor variable was the undertaking of a ND. The secondary outcome variable was the complaint of either neuropathic pain or a noxious neuropathy, at a minimum of twelve months after surgery. A recognised symptom questionnaire and a visual analogue score was employed for the purpose of the study. A descriptive and statistical analysis was applied to the assembled data. Twenty patients (19%) complained of either spontaneous (n=9) or evoked (n=11) neuropathic pain that occurred within the surgical site. In addition, 71 patients (68%) described an altered sensation in the dermatomal distribution of the great auricular or tranverse cervical nerves while 70 patients (67%) described the feeling of 'neck tightness'. There were no characteristics of the study cohort that underpinned these results. Neuropathic pain can occur following ND. This can cause distress to a small but defined group of patients. Despite its importance, we found a paucity of studies in the literature that have investigated neuropathic pain following ND. We believe this condition requires more research attention and clinical awareness.