Rejected

To identify the etiologies, clinical course and management of acute acquired comitant esotropia in Ramathibodi Hospital, Thailand.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a systemic entity that frequently implies neurologic features at presentation and complications during the disease course. We aimed to describe the characteristics and predictors for developing in-hospital neurologic manifestations in a large cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Mexico City.

Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is a novel infectious disease and every day we are learning more about its various clinical features and complications. Different studies during the pandemic have shown various neurological manifestations secondary to the infection such as stroke due to cerebral vessel thrombosis. Herein, we presented a 57-year-old man admitted to our hospital with gradual headache, seizure, and decreasing level of consciousness. Three weeks earlier, he was diagnosed with COVID-19 and mild to moderate respiratory problems. Decreased level of consciousness made physicians intubate the patient and initiate mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit (ICU). Treatment was initiated with phenytoin. Brain CT scan showed right transverse sinus and cortical vein thrombosis with subarachnoid hemorrhage. He received successful anticoagulant therapy, with further improvement in oxygenation, and discharged with a good general condition. This case is important because several neurological complications of COVID-19 should be noticed and managed by appropriate treatment according to the patient's condition.

Neuropathic pain (NP) is a syndrome of pain mediated by distinct pathophysiological processes, and current treatments are not fully satisfactory. Emodin is an effective component of Chinese traditional medicine and has an alleviating effect on NP, but the pharmacological mechanism is not clear.

Maxillary nerve block is widely used for treating trigeminal neuralgia. Common complications of the procedure include bleeding and sensory abnormalities, but ophthalmic complications have been rarely reported. A 60-year-old woman underwent maxillary nerve block for refractory trigeminal neuralgia. Ten minutes after the procedure had ended, the patient reported double vision when she tried to turn the left eye outward. After examination, the patient was presumed to have diplopia due to the abducens nerve block. However, the symptom disappeared approximately 30 minutes later without any treatment. Thus, to prevent diplopia, the dose of local anesthetics should be reduced. Moreover, negative blood aspiration should be confirmed during the injection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case to report diplopia after maxillary nerve block without neurolysis through the lateral infrazygomatic approach.

Dissections and aneurysms are two of the more common nonatherosclerotic arteriopathies of the cerebrovascular system and a significant contributor to neurovascular complications, particularly in the young. Specifically, ruptured intracranial aneurysms (IA) account for nearly 500,000 cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage annually with a 30-day mortality approaching 40% and survivors suffering often permanent neurologic deficits and disability. Unruptured IAs require dedicated assessment of risk and often warrant serial radiologic monitoring. Cervical artery dissection, affecting the carotid and vertebral arteries, accounts for nearly 20% of strokes in young and middle-aged adults. While approximately 70% of cervical artery dissection (CeAD) cases present with stroke or TIA, additional neurologic complications include severe headache and neck pain, oculosympathetic defect (i.e., partial Horner's syndrome), acute vestibular syndrome, and rarely lower cranial nerve palsies. Both aneurysms and dissections of the cerebrovascular system may occur frequently in patients with syndromic connective tissue disorders; however, the majority of cases are spontaneously occurring or mildly heritable with both polygenic and environmental associations. Fibromuscular dysplasia, in particular, is commonly associated with both risk of CeAD and IA formation. Further research is needed to better understand the pathophysiology of both IA and CeAD to better understand risk, improve treatments, and prevent devastating neurologic complications.

The article presents the data of the latest domestic and foreign original studies, the results of a number of meta-analyses, conclusions of randomized clinical trials (RCTs), and other scientific studies that prove the effectiveness and necessity of mandatory inclusion in the treatment of chronic pain syndrome of the stage of non-invasive non-pharmacological therapy. One of the promising areas of pharmacotherapy for degenerative-dystrophic joint lesions is the use of chondroprotectors (CP), in particular chondroitin sulfate (CS). According to new Clinical Recommendations of Ministry Health (MH) of the Russian Federation (RF) «Chronic pain in patients of elderly and senile age» (2020), according to which the purpose of CS is recommended for patients older than 60 years with joint pain and contraindications to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or senile asthenia for the purpose of pain relief and the prevention of exacerbations of pain. A high level of reliability and persuasiveness of the recommendations was noted (1A) of CS use. Most of the CS is available in the form of forms for oral use, the bioavailability of which, according to clinical studies, is 13-38% due to the destruction of the CS molecules in the gastrointestinal tract. Intramuscular (i/m) administration of the drug can increase the bioavailability of CS, which can not only increase the effectiveness of therapy, but also lead to a more rapid development of the symptomatic effect. In Russia available parenteral forms of CS (Chondroguard) pharmaceutical quality, efficacy has been proven in randomized clinical trial (RCT) MH RF. To relieve pain in the joints, it is recommended to use parenteral forms of CS (Chondroguard) at a dose of 100-200 mg per day, every other day, the total duration of the course of treatment is 25-30 injections.

Previous studies showed more sleep disturbance (SD) in patients with cutaneous disorders (CD). During CD, unpleasant subjective symptoms [USS], such as itch, pain and others (tingling, burning, or tightness) have a negative influence on sleep quality. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of SD in CD patients and to identify the influence of itch, pain and other unpleasant sensations on SD.

To develop a thermochromic tissue-mimicking phantom (TTMP) with an embedded 3D-printed bone mimic of the lumbar spine to evaluate MRgFUS ablation of the facet joint and medial branch nerve.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), mainly Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are high-prevalent chronic gastrointestinal disorders that may cause an important reduction in life quality. Such diseases are characterized by their immune-mediated inflammatory, oxidative and dysbiotic events, which can lead to important symptoms in patients, such as abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea and body weicght loss. In the last years, alternative natural options have been postulated for the prevention or treatment of IBDs, since common drug therapy may not be well accepted due to recurrent adverse effects and/or partial efficacy. Among those new natural products, agro-industrial byproducts, such as the peel and seed of foods, are emerging as cheap and pro-ecological options, as they are rich in bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, but also in non-phenolic compounds, like unsaturated fatty acids, dietary fibers and prebiotics, carotenoids, bioactive peptides, and vitamins. In that sense, Latin America is rich in little explored native fruits and vegetables, from which great amounts of byproducts can be produced. Studies have shown that the byproducts from Latin American vegetables, such as passion-fruit (Passiflora edulis), pineapple (Ananas comosus) and pumpkin (Cucurbita spp.), for example, could represent interesting tools against IBDs, judging by the results of in vitro and animal studies. Therefore, the aim of this review is to discuss the potential role of non-phenolic compounds from native Latin American food byproducts in the prevention or treatment of IBDs, by highlighting their anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and/or anti-dysbiotic effects.