Rejected

Introduction COVID-19 vaccine side effects have a fundamental role in public confidence in the vaccine and its uptake process. Thus far, evidence on vaccine safety has been exclusively obtained from manufacturer-sponsored studies; therefore, this study is designed to assess post-COVID-19 vaccine complications in Makkah province, Saudi Arabia. Method A cross-sectional study included 840 subjects conducted from August to November 2022 to collect data about COVID-19 vaccine side effects. A validated questionnaire was used with 21 multiple-choice items covering demographic data, COVID-19 vaccination type, side effects, and medication used to relieve side effects. The online Raosoft sample size calculator (Raosoft Inc., Seattle, Washington) was utilized for sample size calculation. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 22.0 (IBM Inc., Armonk, New York) was utilized to carry out descriptive statistics. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to evaluate normal data distribution. Significance of categorized data made by the Pearson's Chi-Squared test and of the vaccination side effects experienced in general wellbeing on a scale of 1-10 by the Kruskal-Wallis test. Result The survey found that most participants in the 18-26 age group were from Jeddah, women, and Saudis. Only 7.1% of participants had comorbidities alone, and 63.1% of participants had previously had COVID-19. The vaccine types used in this study were primarily Pfizer (83.3%), AstraZeneca (9.5%), Moderna (3.6%), and combination vaccines (3.6%). The majority of the participants received vaccination up to the third dose. No side effects were reported by 9.5% of participants, while mild and severe side effects were reported by 90.5% and 23.8% of participants, respectively. Mild side effects included injection site pain, redness, tenderness, or itching (34.5%), fatigue (22.6%), low-grade fever, chills, diarrhea, headache (17.9%), and myalgia (14.3%). Conclusion The majority of the side effects of COVID-19 vaccination were minor reactions (90.5%), but 23.8% were found to be serious side effects, most of which lasted one to three days. More independent studies are needed to investigate gender differences, COVID-19 vaccine efficacy, and the prevalence of side effects in other populations conducted by academic institutions. Additional independent research on vaccine safety is urgently needed to increase public confidence in vaccines and to better understand risk factors for vaccine side effects.

Injury to the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) of the elbow can cause chronic pain and loss of throwing ability. Ultrasonic shear wave elastography (SWE) is a new imaging method that can be used for quantitative assessment of tissue elasticity.

Opioid analgesics continue to be prescribed after ambulatory surgery despite untoward adverse effects, risk of overdose, and association with substance use disorder.

This is the case of a 50-year-old patient suffering from inflammatory low back pain. Radiological exploration showed posterior vertebral damage compatible with discovertebral pseudo-tumor tuberculosis. Pathological examination found no malignant cells, but caseous necrosis was present. The patient was put on antitubercular drugs. The evolution was favorable under treatement.

Electroacupuncture is a non-pharmacological intervention for analgesia that is widely recognized as therapy for pain. However, the clinical efficacy of electroacupuncture combined with patient-controlled intravenous analgesia for postoperative analgesia after cesarean section remains unclear.

The present study aimed to investigate the clinical features of patients with direction-changing spontaneous nystagmus (DCSN) and gain insight into its underlying mechanisms.

In deep vein thrombosis (DVT), the structure and composition of the venous thrombus can change rapidly over time. Studies have shown mixed results with anticoagulant and thrombolytic therapies, and the issue will be exacerbated in the case of chronic DVT (defined as thrombus still present after ≥4 weeks of failed treatment after a DVT diagnosis), with no well-accepted interventions. In the present report, we have described two patients in whom mechanical thrombectomy with a novel device was used to remove extensive, chronic thrombus. At follow-up, both patients showed improved blood flow and patency with resolution of their edema and pain. Because thrombus can often be more chronic than expected from a patient's medical history alone, mechanical intervention as the first approach might be warranted.

Back pain has a high global prevalence and carries a substantial risk for chronification. Biopsychosocial factors are assumed to be critical in the transition from acute to chronic back pain. Digital interventions are a promising tool to educate patients about their complaints. Thus, providing patients with an explanatory model regarding their individual risk factors in the early stage of their complaints via the internet might thus be a valuable approach in treatment.

Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a common condition encountered in neurosurgical practice. Few studies have reported the characteristics of CSDH patients in the Middle Eastern population. We describe the clinical presentation, surgical management, radiological findings, and post-operative outcomes in our hospital.