Rejected

The Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-Being Scale (FACIT-Sp) is a 12-item measure of spiritual well-being in chronic illness originally developed in patients with cancer. The overall scale, a 2-factor model (meaning/peace, faith), and a 3-factor model (meaning, peace, faith) have been proposed for the FACIT-Sp, and consensus on the best factor structure has not been reached. In addition, the factor structure of the FACIT-Sp has not been considered in patients with heart failure.

To compare the elasticity of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles in patients with cervicogenic headache and in healthy volunteers.

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is the prevailing spine disorder and is associated with musculoskeletal disease. The extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation is an essential hallmark of IDD progression. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), as crucial cellular regulators, participate in multiple pathological processes including IDD. Here, we tried to explore the effect of circITCH on the ECM degradation of IDD and the underlying mechanism. Significantly, the expression levels of circITCH were elevated in the IDD patients' nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues relative to that of normal cases. CircITCH promoted apoptosis and decreased proliferation of NP cells. CircITCH contributed to ECM degradation, as demonstrated by increased ADAMTS4 and MMP13 expression and decreased aggrecan and collagen II expression. Mechanically, miR-17-5p could be sponged by circITCH and miR-17-5p inhibited ECM degradation by repressing SOX4 in degenerative NP cells. CircITCH could activate Wnt/β-catenin pathway by targeting miR-17-5p/SOX4 signaling. SOX4 overexpression, miR-17-5p inhibitor, or Wnt/β-catenin signaling activator LiCl was able to reverse circITCH knockdown-inhibited apoptosis and ECM degradation, and circITCH knockdown-enhanced proliferation in NP cells. Thus, we conclude that circITCH promotes ECM degradation in IDD by activating Wnt/β-catenin through miR-17-5p/SOX4 signaling. Our finding presents novel insight into the mechanism that circITCH modulates the IDD progression. CircITCH and SOX4 may serve as potential targets for IDD therapy.

Tibetan traditional medicine CheeZheng Pain-Relieving Plaster (CZPRP) is frequently used as an over-the-counter external analgesic for musculoskeletal pain; however, its evidence for low back pain (LBP) has not been evaluated.

Pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy remains a major challenge. Ondansetron blocks sodium channels and may have local anesthetic properties.

We verified the association between selected bacterial profiles and levels of cytokines, chemokines and the expression of signs and symptoms of primary endodontic infection with apical periodontitis (PEIAP).

A combination of olanzapine and samidorphan (OLZ/SAM) is in development for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia or bipolar I disorder and is intended to provide the efficacy of olanzapine while mitigating olanzapine-associated weight gain. This 52-week open-label extension (NCT02873208; ENLIGHTEN-2-EXT) assessed the long-term safety and tolerability of OLZ/SAM in patients with schizophrenia.

Growing evidences indicate that neuropathic pain is frequently accompanied with cognitive impairments, which aggravate the decrease in the quality of life of chronic pain patients. Furthermore, it has been shown that the activation of Glucagon-like-peptide-1receptor (GLP-1R) improved memory deficit in multiple diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), stroke. However, whether GLP-1R activation could improve memory impairment induced by neuropathic pain and the mechanisms underlying the effect of the activation of GLP-1R on memory protection have not yet been established. The spared nerve injury (SNI) model was established as a kind of neuropathic pain. And novel-object recognition memory (hippocampus-dependent memory) was tested by the novel object recognition test (NORT). The expression levels of GLP-1, GLP-1R, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), p-AMPKThr172, nuclear factor κ B p65 (NF-κB p65), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), IL-1β p17 (mature IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and the synaptic proteins were tested in the murine hippocampus with memory deficits caused by neuropathic pain. Then, exenatide acetate (Ex-4, a GLP-1R agonist), exendin(9-39) (Ex(9-39), a GLP-1R antagonist) and Compound C dihydrochloride (CC, an AMPK inhibitor) were used to test the effects of the activation of GLP-1R in the mice with neuropathic pain. First, we uncovered that neuropathic pain could inhibit GLP-1/GLP-R axis, disturb inflammatory signaling pathway, increase the expression of IL-1β, IL-1β p17 and TNF-α, downregulate the synaptic proteins (postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) and Arc). Subsequently, we reported that Ex-4 treatment could improve recognition memory impairment, increase the ratio of p-AMPKThr172/AMPK, inhibit the phosphorylation NF-κB p65 and decrease the expression of IL-1β, IL-1β p17 and TNF-α, upregulate the levels of PSD95 and Arc. Moreover, we found that Ex(9-39) and CC treatment could abrogate the memory protection of activation of GLP-1R in mice with neuropathic pain. The results indicated that the activation of GLP-1R could improve recognition memory impairment via regulating AMPK/NF-κB pathway, improving neuroinflammation, reversing the decreased level of synaptic proteins in neuropathic pain mice.

The young branches of C. cassia Blume (Cinnamomi Ramulus; Guizhi; ; C. cassia twigs) have long been used as an anti-pyretic, anti-rheumatic, anti-spasmodic and stomachic in traditional medicine.

Marfan syndrome is rarely accompanied by anterior sacral meningocele (ASM) resulting from erosion of the sacrum by dural ectasia. ASM may induce symptoms due to severe mass effects. ASM may also mimic ovarian cysts, and the risk of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage is high if spontaneous rupture of the cyst occurs. In this study, the authors presented a rare case of ASM with iatrogenic CSF leakage in a 34-year-old woman with suspected Marfan syndrome.