Rejected

The number of patients suffering from depression is continuously increasing in China. Demographic characteristics, physical health levels, and individual lifestyles/healthy behaviors are associated with the severity of depression. However, the major risk factor for depression remains unclear.

Fenestrations or divisions of the vascular lumen into separate channels appear to be common anatomical variations in patients with intracranial aneurysms. The most frequent sites of occurrence are the anterior communicating artery (ACom), followed by vertebrobasilar and middle cerebral artery (MCA) locations.

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of moxibustion in the treatment of pelvic floor myofascial pain syndrome.

The ectopic pancreas is a kind of congenital malformation formed during embryonic development, which has no anatomical relationship with the normal pancreas and is a rare solid disease. The ectopic pancreas in the adrenal glands is extremely rare.

Following an acute COVID-19 infection, a large number of patients experience persisting symptoms for more than four weeks, a condition now classified as Long-COVID syndrome. Interestingly, the likelihood and severity of Long-COVID symptoms do not appear to be related to the severity of the acute COVID-19 infection. Fatigue is amongst the most common and debilitating symptoms of Long-COVID. Other symptomes include dyspnoea, chest pain, olfactory disturbances, and brain fog. Fatigue is also frequently reported in many other neurological diseases, affecting a broad range of everyday activities. However, despite its clinical significance, limited progress has been made in understanding its causes and developing effective treatment options. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) methods offer the unique opportunity to modulate fatigue-related maladaptive neuronal activity. Recent data show promising results of NIBS applications over frontoparietal regions to reduce fatigue symptoms. In this current paper, we review recent data on Long-COVID and Long-COVID-related fatigue (LCOF), with a special focus on cognitive fatigue. We further present widely used NIBS methods, such as transcranial direct current stimulation, transcranial alternating current stimulation, and transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation and propose their use as possible therapeutic strategies to alleviate individual pathomechanisms of LCOF. Since NIBS methods are safe and well-tolerated, they have the potential to enhance the quality of life in a broad group of patients.

Seborrhea dermatitis is a skin disorder that usually appears on parts of the body that have high density of sebaceous glands, such as the face, chest, and scalp. Clinical manifestations that generally appear as scaly skin and erythema. Seborrhea dermatitis is also known as one of the causes of alopecia. Treatments that can be used for seborrhea dermatitis are antifungal, anti-inflammatory, keratolytic, and coal tar. There are concerns about poor adherence, resistance, and some side effects of drugs that have been used in the treatment of seborrhea dermatitis. Concerns regarding these issues increase the urgency for the development of new therapeutic agents in the treatment of seborrhea dermatitis. Research on medicinal plants has enormous potential to produce compounds with new structures and bioactivity. This review discusses clinical and in vitro studies related to the activity of several medicinal plants that have potential as a treatment for seborrhea dermatitis, as well as the compounds that play a role in these activities. Literature searches were carried out on the PubMed, Taylor & Francis, and SpringerLink databases using Boolean Operators to get 25 articles that match the keywords used. Of the 25 articles, six were clinical trials, while 19 were in vitro studies of Malassezia. Several plants have potential as promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of seborrhea dermatitis by inhibiting the growth of Malassezia, decreasing sebum secretion, and decreasing symptoms associated with seborrhea dermatitis such as itching, pain or burning sensation, and redness.

Infectious aortic aneurysm (IAA) can be a rare but potentially fatal sequela of infectious inflammatory disease of the aortic wall with a high incidence of rupture. The definitive diagnosis is based on vascular imaging of the aneurysm using contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CE-CT) and identification of the causative microorganism from positive blood cultures (BCs). However, IAA remains extremely difficult to diagnose and treat in patients with prior antimicrobial treatment or with renal dysfunction. Here we describe a case of an 85-year-old woman with IAA caused by presenting with abdominal pain and fever that was initially diagnosed as a presumptive urinary tract infection and treated with empiric antimicrobial therapy. However, persistent abdominal pain with increased serological inflammation necessitated further evaluation. Unenhanced multimodality imaging considering the renal dysfunction revealed infectious aortitis of the infrarenal abdominal aorta, together with the initial culture results, leading to the tentative diagnosis of aortitis. Thereafter, serial monitoring with unenhanced magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) using thin-slab maximum intensity projection (TS-MIP) revealed acute aortic expansion strongly suggestive of a pseudoaneurysm that was successfully treated with early surgical repair under adequate infection control. Despite negative Gram staining and tissue culture results for the excised aortic wall, a definitive diagnosis of IAA secondary to rather than was finally made by confirming the histologic findings consistent with IAA and the identification of 16S rRNA on the resected aortic wall. The patient also developed a vascular graft infection during the postoperative course that required long-term systemic antimicrobial therapy. This case highlights the value of unenhanced MRA in the early detection of IAA in patients with renal dysfunction and the importance of a molecular diagnosis for identifying the causative microorganism in cases of culture- or tissue-negative IAA.

Headache is a common neurological disorder, with a global prevalence of around 50%. It may affect people of any age, gender, education, socioeconomic status and occupation. Tension headache, migraine headache and cluster headache are commonly encountered headache types. The prevalence of headache problems is higher among medical students. This could potentially affect their academic performance and quality of life. The objective of this study is to find out the prevalence of headaches and their clinical characteristics among students of a medical college.

The skin is an important barrier that protects against invasion by foreign substances, including irritants and harmful microorganisms, and holds water in the body. Washing the skin with cleansers and shampoos containing anionic surfactants, for example sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), is important for maintaining skin homeostasis. However, surfactants can cause dermatitis, cutaneous hypersensitivity (e.g., alloknesis), and pruritus in humans. Our previous studies revealed an alloknesis response in the skin with SDS-induced dermatitis in C57BL/6 mice. In addition, we found that alloknesis responses and afterdischarge responses following stimulation with light touch are related because they are observed contemporaneously. In this study, we used Hos:HR-1 hairless mice to establish a mouse model to evaluate long-term drug application for alloknesis responses. Alloknesis was observed in HR-1 mice with SDS-induced dermatitis. The mean number of c-Fos (a marker of neural activity) immunopositive neurons was increased in the lamina 1-2 (L1-2) spinal dorsal horn, but not in L3-4, of SDS-treated HR-1 mice compared to vehicle-treated mice. We also discovered that afterdischarge responses were observed in neurons in L1-2. There was also a correlation between the intensity of the afterdischarge responses and depth of the recording site. Thus, the following were suggested: 1) neurons that mediate these afterdischarge responses are located on the superficial layer of the spinal cord; 2) afterdischarge responses can be an index of alloknesis responses, and 3) the mouse model of SDS-induced dermatitis is an appropriate alloknesis model.

Chronic subdural hematoma (CSH) in the posterior fossa is extremely rare and only a few cases have been reported in the literature. We report a case of CSH in the posterior fossa successfully treated with a single burr hole surgery.