Rejected

Palmar-plantar atopic dermatitis is a common and debilitating condition with significant diagnostic and management challenges.

Aluminum salt adjuvants (Als) have been the most widely used adjuvants in vaccines and known to be effective in intramuscular inoculation. However, in rare cases, some Al containing vaccines caused serious adverse events such as chronic pain at the site of the injection. The Als cause mild tissue damage at the inoculation site, allowing the antigen to be locally retained at the inoculation site and thus potentiate innate immunity. This is required to elicit effectiveness of vaccination. However, there is concern that chronic muscle damage might potentially lead to serious adverse events, such as autoimmune disease and movement disorders. In this study, muscle damage caused by several Al containing vaccines were examined in guinea pigs. Mild and moderate inflammation were observed following Al containing split influenza virus vaccine, formalin-inactivated diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus and Salk polio vaccine. While massive inflammation and muscle damage were observed in Al-containing human papillomavirus vaccine-inoculated animals. However, the severities of damage were not associated with their Al contents. Masson's trichrome staining and immunostaining revealed that injured muscle at the inoculated site recovered within one month of vaccination, whereas inflammatory nodules remained. Flow cytometric analyses of the infiltrating cells revealed that the number of CD45 lymphocytes and potential granulocytes were increased following vaccination. The number of infiltrated cells seemed to be associated with severity of muscle damages. These observations revealed that Al containing vaccine-induced muscle damage is reparable, and severity of transient muscle damages seemed to be determined by type of antigen or types of Al salts rather than Al content.

Trauma is the most frequent reason for epidural bleeding. However, numerous investigation had discovered that anticoagulants such as rivaroxaban could cause epidural hematoma. Here, we present a case of epidural hematoma in young man who got rivaroxaban as treatment of deep vein thrombosis.

Reserpine is an effective drug for the clinical treatment of hypertension. It also induces Parkinson's disease (PD)-like symptoms in humans and animals possible through the inhibition of monoamine vesicular transporters, thus decreasing the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters in the brain. However, the precise mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, we aimed to develop a preclinical reserpine model recapitulating the non-motor and motor symptoms of PD and investigate the underlying potential cellular mechanisms. Incubation of reserpine induced apoptosis, led to the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), lowered DNA methylation of alpha-synuclein gene, resulted in alpha-synuclein protein deposition, and elevated the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-Ⅰ and p62 in cultured SH-SY5Y cells. Feeding reserpine dose-dependently shortened the lifespan and caused impairment of motor functions in male and female Drosophila. Moreover, long-term oral administration of reserpine led to multiple motor and non-motor symptoms, including constipation, pain hypersensitivity, olfactory impairment, and depression-like behaviors in mice. The mechanistic studies showed that chronic reserpine exposure caused hypomethylation of the alpha-synuclein gene and up-regulated its expression and elevated the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-Ⅰ and expression of p62 in the substantia nigra of mice. Thus, we established preclinical animal models using reserpine to recapitulate the motor and non-motor symptoms of PD. Chronic reserpine exposure epigenetically elevated the levels of alpha-synuclein expression possible by lowering the DNA methylation status and inducing autophagic impairment and .

Adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) can influence energy metabolism. Energy metabolism imbalance is closely associated with the occurrence of neuropathic pain (NeP). Rs10789038 and rs2796498 are genetic polymorphisms of , the gene encoding AMPK, which is closely related to energy metabolism imbalance. This study aimed to explore the relationship between and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) in the southwestern Chinese Han population.

Acupuncture is an effective and safe therapy for patients with migraine without aura (MwoA), but only 41-59% of patients show improvement with this treatment. Screening positive responders to acupuncture treatment for MwoA can ensure that healthcare resources can be appropriately targeted to specific patients who would most benefit. The objective of this study is to determine whether the structure and functional activity in certain brain regions can predict analgesia response in patients with MwoA who receive acupuncture treatment.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by symmetric polyarticular inflammation that can lead to progressive joint damage. It is said to be rare among black Africans, even though there have been limited reports from some African countries and no study has been done on RA in Ethiopia. This study determined the prevalence, clinical features, and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH).

Evaluation of the effectiveness of a multimodal scheme of postoperative analgesia based on a fixed combination of orphenadrine and diclofenac against the background of patient-controlled analgesia with morphine in the early postoperative period in cardiac surgery patients.

Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) affects multiple tissues of the temporomandibular joint complex and manifests as orofacial pain and functional disturbance. While thread embedding acupuncture (TEA) is used for the treatment of TMD in clinical practice, sufficient clinical evidence is lacking. This pilot trial will explore the feasibility of a confirmatory randomized controlled trial (RCT) by considering the efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of TEA to address pain, function, and quality of life in patients with TMD.

Methotrexate (MTX) is globally used by physicians to treat patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Previously conducted researches indicate prevalent side effects associated with conventional once-weekly dosage amongst a population sample of patients consuming MTX. The objectives of our study were to find out whether there is a difference between the two studied regimens in efficacy and adverse effects of methotrexate.