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Pain that persists or recurs over a period of at least 3 months in childhood and adolescence is referred to as chronic pain. The primary localization of pain changes according to age: […]
Learn More >Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common type of arthritis. Its high prevalence, especially in the elderly, and its negative impact on physical function make it a leading cause of disability […]
Learn More >Down syndrome (DS) or trisomy 21 is a genetic condition often accompanied by chronic pain caused by congenital abnormalities and/or conditions, such as osteoarthritis, recurrent infections, and leukemia. Although DS […]
Learn More >Neuropathic pain (NP) is caused by a lesion or a condition that affects the somatosensory system. Pathophysiologically, NP can be ascribed to peripheral and central sensitization, implicating a wide range […]
Learn More >Spinal cord stimulation and virtual reality therapy are established and promising techniques, respectively, for managing chronic pain, each with its unique advantages and challenges. While each therapy has been the […]
Learn More >Migraine is a serious global health concern that imposed a huge economic burden on social health care. Over the past few decades, the analgesic effects of acupuncture have been widely […]
Learn More >Despite numerous first-line treatment interventions, adequately managing a patient’s post-amputation pain (PAP) can be difficult. Peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) has emerged as a safe neuromodulatory intervention that can be utilized […]
Learn More >Capsaicin is a naturally occurring alkaloid derived from chili pepper that is responsible for its hot pungent taste. Capsaicin is known to exert multiple pharmacological actions, including analgesia, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, […]
Learn More >The discovery and clinical implementation of modulators of adenosine, P2Y and P2X receptors have progressed dramatically in ∼50 years since Burnstock’s definition of purinergic signaling. Although most clinical trials of […]
Learn More >Nociceptive signaling responses to painful stimuli are transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS) from the afferent nerves of the periphery through a series of neurotransmitters and associated signaling mechanisms. […]
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