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Differential target multiplexed spinal cord stimulator: a review of preclinical/clinical data and hardware advancement.

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is an effective neuromodulation technique for treating chronic neuropathic pain. Recent rapid growth in understanding its mechanism has led to the development of glial cell-based differential […]

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Recent Progress in Gels for Neuropathic Pain.

Neuropathic pain is a complex and debilitating condition that affects millions of people worldwide. While several treatment options are available, they often have limited efficacy and are associated with adverse […]

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Roles of Mast Cells and Their Interactions with the Trigeminal Nerve in Migraine Headache.

Migraine pain is characterized by an intense, throbbing pain in the head area and possesses complex pathological and physiological origins. Among the various factors believed to contribute to migraine are […]

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Sex Hormones, Neurosteroids, and Glutamatergic Neurotransmission: A Review of the Literature.

Glutamatergic dysfunction has been implicated in the pathophysiology of multiple conditions including epilepsy, chronic pain, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), raising interest in potential ways of […]

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Dorsal root ganglion stimulation for the treatment of chronic pelvic pain: A systematic review.

Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is a difficult condition to treat. Due to complex pelvic innervation, dorsal column spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has not been shown to produce the same effect […]

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Postoperative acute pain management with duloxetine as compared to placebo: A systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Duloxetine has been used as an adjunct in multimodal analgesia for acute postoperative pain in clinical studies. This meta-analysis aims to conclude whether oral duloxetine, when given perioperatively, is any […]

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New Targets and Strategies for Rheumatoid Arthritis: From Signal Transduction to Epigenetic Aspect.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that can lead to joint damage and even permanent disability, seriously affecting patients’ quality of life. At present, the complete cure for […]

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Small molecule ligands for α9* and α7 nicotinic receptors: a survey and an update, respectively.

The α9- and α7-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) mediate numerous physiological and pathological processes by complex mechanisms that are currently the subject of intensive study and debate. In this regard, […]

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Efficacy and Security of Tetrodotoxin in the Treatment of Cancer-Related Pain: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The pharmacological treatment of cancer-related pain is unsatisfactory. Tetrodotoxin (TTX) has shown analgesia in preclinical models and clinical trials, but its clinical efficacy and safety have not been quantified. For […]

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Microglial diversity in neuropathic pain.

Microglia play pivotal roles in controlling CNS functions in diverse physiological and pathological contexts, including neuropathic pain, a chronic pain condition caused by lesions or diseases of the somatosensory nervous […]

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