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Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) refers to an inflammatory rheumatic disease that mainly affects the axial skeleton and leads to progressive radiographic changes of the sacroiliac joints and spine. axSpA is currently […]
Learn More >This is the second update of the original Cochrane review published in 2013 (issue 6), which was updated in 2016 (issue 11). Pruritus occurs in patients with disparate underlying diseases […]
Learn More >There are many intra-articular hyaluronic acid (IA-HA) products on the market that have known intrinsic differences in molecular size, source, and structure. The current review summarizes existing evidence describing and […]
Learn More >Variability in spine kinematics is a common motor adaptation to pain, which has been measured in various ways. However, it remains unclear whether low back pain (LBP) is typically characterised […]
Learn More >The human gut microbiome contains the largest number of bacteria in the body and has the potential to greatly influence metabolism, not only locally but also systemically. There is an […]
Learn More >Migraine is a complex neurological disorder and a major cause of disability. A wide range of different drug classes such as triptans, antidepressants, anticonvulsants, analgesics, and beta-blockers are used in […]
Learn More >It is generally believed that immune activation can elicit pain through production of inflammatory mediators that can activate nociceptive sensory neurons. Emerging evidence suggests that immune activation may also contribute […]
Learn More >Chronic pain is a notable health concern because of its prevalence, persistence, and associated mental stress. Drugs targeting chronic pain with potent abirritation, and minimal side effects remain unidentified. Substantial […]
Learn More >Intravenous methadone may be useful in acute and chronic pain management compared with other opioids because of its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics, including the long duration of effect and ability […]
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