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Cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CARASIL) is a rare autosomal recessive etiology of cerebral small-vessel disease. The bulk of CARASIL cases reported in the literature was from Japan and China. Herein, we report the first genetically confirmed case of CARASIL in the Arabic population.

To explore the experiences and care preferences of women with chronic pelvic pain, with or without a history of sexual trauma, seeking gynaecologic care.

About 69% of the 299,000 Americans living with spinal cord injury (SCI) experience long-term debilitating neuropathic pain. New treatments are needed because current treatments do not provide enough pain relief. We have found that insular-opercular brain network alterations may contribute to neuropathic pain and that restoring this network could reduce neuropathic pain. Here, we outline a study protocol using a physical therapy approach, cognitive multisensory rehabilitation (CMR), which has been shown to restore OP1/OP4 connections in adults post stroke, to test our hypothesis that CMR can normalize pain perception through restoring OP1/OP4 connectivity in adults with SCI and relieve neuropathic pain.

Secondary craniosynostosis subsequent to shunting is one of the late complications of ventricular shunt placement in the early childhood. Several interventions have been used to treat high intracranial pressure associated with this condition. This study aimed to evaluate the patients' clinical symptoms and head circumference before and after a method of decompressive craniotomy, coined as external-internal cranial expansion (EICE).

Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis (CRMO) is an autoinflammatory bone disorder with predominantly paediatric onset. Children present with multifocal osteolytic lesions accompanied by bone pain and soft tissue swelling. Patients often exhibit extraosseous co-morbidities such as psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, and arthritis.

Dyspnea is a common and highly distressing symptom in patients with advanced illnesses. Many patients continue to experience chronic dyspnea despite optimal management of underlying disease(s) and various non-pharmacologic interventions, necessitating the consideration of pharmacologic therapies for palliation of dyspnea. One commonly asked question by clinicians is whether benzodiazepines have a role in the palliation of dyspnea. In this "Controversies in Palliative Care" article, 3 groups of thought leaders independently answer this question. Specifically, each group provides a synopsis of the key studies that inform their thought processes, share practical advice on their clinical approach, and highlight the opportunities for future research. All 3 groups suggest that benzodiazepines alone do not confer a benefit for dyspnea in advanced illnesses based on existing data. They also expressed concerns about the potential adverse effects such as delirium and drowsiness and recommended against benzodiazepines as first line pharmacologic therapy. Some groups suggest that benzodiazepines may be used in highly selected patients with severe anxiety associated with dyspnea. Some investigators may also consider the adjunctive use of benzodiazepines in patients with severe dyspnea despite opioids, particularly if life expectancy is limited. Benzodiazepines also have a role in palliative sedation for refractory dyspnea in the last days of life. More research is needed to confirm the benefit of benzodiazepines in these populations.

To investigate the roles of hsCRP and IL-6 as prognostic markers for treatment outcome in SSRD.

Prurigo nodularis (PN) is a chronic skin disorder of unknown origin which has the features of small nodules and papules along with intolerable itch leading to ulcers, bleeding and sensory neural loss in affected area. PN has quite resemblance with Alasaka in Ayurveda, which is a vata-kapha pradhan kshudra kushtha.

Accumulating evidence reveals that music therapy appears to help patients with pain. However, there is a limited understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Several studies indicate that leptin level has a crucial relationship with acute and chronic pain. Herein, we evaluated the effects of music stimulation and the potential roles of adipokines (leptin) in pain behaviors.

Foramen Magnum Decompression (FMD) is a common operation used to treat Chiari Malformation. There are different surgical techniques, however, some are anecdotally more effective than others. Our aim was to determine whether there is a superior technique in relation to revision rates, presence of persistent post-operative headache and nausea and syrinx reduction.