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Vertigo is very common in children, but the specific diagnosis and characteristics are not clear. The main objective of this study was to analyze the characteristics of caloric test (CT) and video head impulse test (vHIT) in vestibular migraine of childhood (VMC), probable vestibular migraine of childhood (PVMC), and recurrent vertigo of childhood (RVC), which can provide a reference value for their clinical diagnosis.

Suboptimal neonatal circumcision analgesia causes a significant stress response. There is continued search for more effective analgesia for neonatal circumcision. We aimed to determine whether lidocaine-prilocaine cream (LPC) prior to dorsal penile nerve block (DPNB) offers better analgesia than DPNB alone.

A 60-year-old female presented with headaches, blurry vision, diplopia, and dizziness for six weeks. Her workup revealed an elevated hematocrit, thrombocytosis, high ferritin, and normal erythropoietin. She was diagnosed with polycythemia vera with the JAK2 V617F mutation. The patient underwent magnetic resonance venography, which showed left-sided sigmoid venous thrombosis. She was placed on low-molecular-weight heparin, with a plan to transition to oral anticoagulation after four weeks and repeat imaging in three months to assess for resolution. Thrombotic events may occur in patients with polycythemia vera, and a JAK2 mutation further heightens that risk. Even so, intracranial venous thrombosis is not among the most common events, and it should be kept in the differential for any patient with myeloproliferative neoplasms presenting with new neurological symptoms.

Spontaneous internal carotid artery dissection (CAD) is a relatively rare disease, with patients, including those with bilateral CAD, often recovering after conservative therapy. However, patients with symptomatic and progressive disease require urgent carotid artery stenting (CAS). If CAD extends to the petrous portion of the internal carotid artery (ICA), it is difficult to treat with a carotid stent alone. This report describes a rare case of consecutive spontaneous bilateral CAD that required an intracranial stent with an interval of 4 years between the first and second CAS. A 58-year-old man with a history of dyslipidemia was admitted for transient ischemic attacks. He underwent CAS with carotid and intracranial stents on the third day for the left CAD due to exacerbation of symptoms under antithrombotic therapy and new stroke on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). He recovered well. However, 4 years after the initial treatment, the patient was admitted again because of a sudden headache, photophobia, and transient weakness of the left lower limb. He was diagnosed with CAD on the contralateral side. He underwent CAS with carotid and intracranial stents due to progressive neurological deterioration under antithrombotic therapy. After treatment, he was clinically stable without any new infarctions on a follow-up MRI. He was discharged without neurological deficit. Our case of bilateral internal CAD treatment demonstrated that early revascularization with immediate stenting with carotid and intracranial stents in CAD contributes to the prevention of extensive neurological damage, thereby providing a favorable outcome in some cases.

Welfare considerations and regulations for invertebrates have lagged behind those for vertebrates, despite invertebrates comprising more than 95% of earth's species. Humans interact with and use aquatic invertebrates for exhibition in zoos and aquaria, as pets, research subjects, and important food sources. Recent research has indicated that aquatic invertebrates, in particular cephalopod mollusks and decapod crustaceans, experience stress and may be able to feel pain. With this article, we present results of a survey on attitudes of aquatic animal health professionals toward aquatic invertebrate welfare and provide practical recommendations for advancing aquatic invertebrate welfare across four areas of opportunity: use of anesthesia, analgesia, and euthanasia; development of less invasive diagnostic and research sampling methods based on 3R principles; use of humane slaughter methods for aquatic invertebrates; and reducing impacts of invasive procedures in aquaculture and fisheries. We encourage consideration of these opportunities to achieve far-reaching improvements in aquatic invertebrate welfare.

Virtual reality has demonstrated its analgesic effectiveness. However, its optimal interactive mode for pain relief is yet unclear, with rare objective measurements that were performed to explore its neural mechanism.

The prevalence of chronic pain in children and adolescents is high. In some patients, it can be severe and refractory to conventional treatment options. There is increasing interest in the use of cannabinoids for therapeutic purposes in children and adolescents. Nabilone, a synthetic cannabinoid, is approved in Canada for the treatment of nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy. It can also be used off label for treatment of chronic pain.

Multiple rice bodies in the wrist is a rare disorder that requires surgery, and there are still many uncertainties regarding its diagnosis and treatment.

Primary testicular neuroendocrine tumors (TNETs) are sporadic, accounting for only 0.23% of all testicular tumors. Few cases have been reported in the literature, and no uniform treatment protocol exists. We report a case of a primary TNET with liver lymph node metastasis diagnosed at the age of 24 years and discuss its clinicopathological features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.

Pancreatitis is a severe inflammatory pancreatic disease commonly due to bile duct stones or excessive alcohol usage, with clinical manifestations of abdominal pain, nausea, fever, and fluid collections. Healthy persons with less symptomatic pancreatitis are quite rare. Herein, we report a case of a patient with an undetermined onset of pancreatitis mimicking left arm cellulitis due to thrombotic vasculitis of the brachiocephalic vein.