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Chronic subdural hematoma (CSH) in the posterior fossa is extremely rare and only a few cases have been reported in the literature. We report a case of CSH in the posterior fossa successfully treated with a single burr hole surgery.

Teratomas are a rare subgroup of CNS germ cell tumors and are histologically classified into mature teratomas, immature teratomas, and teratomas with malignant transformation. CNS teratomas are infrequently found in the posterior fossa and pure mature teratomas of posterior fossa are rare especially in adults. We present a case of a young adult female with a mature teratoma in the cisterna magna.

Pituitary metastases (PMs) arising from breast cancer tend to occur many years following initial diagnosis, and after other systemic metastasis have been identified. Survival is generally considered to be poor. However, there are cases where patients present with an isolated metastatic lesion in the pituitary. Survival in this subset of patients has not been evaluated. We present a case of isolated PM that presented two years after initial diagnosis of breast cancer. We performed a systematic review of 38 breast cancer patients with PM. We report presentation, treatment strategy, and outcomes of breast cancer metastasis to the pituitary and highlight cases of isolated PM.

Endometriosis (EMS) is a chronic disease that can cause dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, and infertility, among other symptoms. EMS diagnosis is often delayed compared to other chronic diseases, and there are currently no accurate, easily accessible, and non-invasive diagnostic tools. Therefore, it is important to elucidate the mechanism of EMS and explore potential biomarkers and diagnostic tools for its accurate diagnosis and treatment. In the present study, we comprehensively analyzed the differential expression, immune infiltration, and interactions of EMS-related genes in three datasets. Our results identified 332 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with EMS. Gene ontology analysis showed that these changes mainly focused on the positive regulation of endometrial cell proliferation, cell metabolism, and extracellular space, and EMS involved the integrin, complement activation, folic acid metabolism, interleukin, and lipid signaling pathways. The LASSO regression model was established using immune DEGs with an area under the curve of 0.783 for the internal dataset and 0.656 for the external dataset. Five genes with diagnostic value, , , , , and , were screened from M1 and M2 macrophages, activated mast cells, neutrophils, natural killer cells, follicular T helper cells, CD8, and CD4 cells. A protein-protein interaction network based on the immune DEGs was constructed, and ten hub genes with the highest scores were identified. Our results may provide a framework for the development of pathological molecular networks in EMS.

Hypertension is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Saudi Arabia affecting 31.4% of the population. The Illness Perception Questionnaire-Revised (IPQ-R) is a validated and reliable tool for assessing the perception of hypertension among patients. This cross-sectional study aimed to translate the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R) into Arabic and validate it among Arabic patients with hypertension from the outpatient departments of the Prince Sattam University Hospital and King Khalid Hospital (KKH) in Al-Kharj City in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Buch.-Ham () belongs to the Compositae family. As a Traditional Chinese medicine, has been used in China to treat conjunctivitis, mastitis and vaginitis, it also has the function of antibacterial and relieving itching.

To determine the impact of glucose levels at admission and during first week (early phase) on clinical outcomes in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) and to investigate the relationship between stress hyperglycaemia (SHG) and hypertriglyceridaemia (HTG).

Due to the rarity of the condition, Valentino's syndrome is an underrated differential diagnosis for acute appendicitis. We describe a patient with Valentino's syndrome in whom preoperative and intraoperative diagnoses were challenging due to misleading clinical, investigative, and morphological findings. A 31-year-old woman who was on methylprednisolone for sensory radiculopathy presented to the emergency department with acute right lower quadrant pain. The clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis was supported by the elevated inflammatory markers and ultrasonographic findings. An appendicectomy and an ovarian cystectomy were performed due to the findings of mild appendicitis and right ovarian endometrioma, respectively. Postoperatively, she developed peritonitis with a purulent bile-stained discharge from the surgical site and per vagina. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen showed a retroperitoneal collection at the second lumbar vertebral level extending along the right paracolic gutter to the pelvis and intraperitoneal fluid collections in right lower quadrant and pelvis. An emergency exploratory laparotomy confirmed a perforation at the posterior aspect of the duodenum which was repaired with an omental patch. Unfortunately, relaparotomy and end ileostomy were required due to colonic perforation with the eroded drain tube. She made an uneventful recovery with intensive care and underwent ileostomy reversal after 12 weeks. We emphasize the clues to have a high degree of suspicion during preoperative and intraoperative evaluation to recognize this lethal mimicker of acute appendicitis.

Pituitary metastasis accounts for a very low percentage of cases of brain metastasis from lung cancer, and there are uncertainties and challenges in diagnosis and treatment. We hope to shed some light on the diagnosis and treatment by reporting a case of ALK fusion mutation-positive lung cancer pituitary metastasis.

To analyze the clinical manifestations and imaging features of a hospitalized patient with intermittent headache who was finally diagnosed with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome and to perform whole-exon gene detection to improve the understanding of the diagnosis and treatment strategies of the disease.