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Healthy running form is characterized by motion that minimizes mechanical musculoskeletal injury risks and improves coactivation of muscles that can buffer impact loading and reduce stresses related to chronic musculoskeletal pain. The American College of Sports Medicine Consumer Outreach Committee recently launched an infographic that describes several healthy habits for the general distance runner. This review provides the supporting evidence, expected acute motion changes with use, and practical considerations for clinical use in patient cases. Healthy habits include: taking short, quick, and soft steps; abdominal bracing; elevating cadence; linearizing arm swing; controlling forward trunk lean, and; avoiding running through fatigue. Introduction of these habits can be done sequentially one at a time to build on form, or more than one over time. Adoption can be supported by various feedback forms and cueing. These habits are most successful against injury when coupled with regular dynamic strengthening of the kinetic chain, adequate recovery with training, and appropriate shoe wear.

Although pain dysfunction is increasingly observed in Huntington disease (HD), the underlying mechanisms still unknown. As a crucial huntington-associated protein, HAP1 is enriched in normal spinal dorsal horn and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) where are regarded as "primary sensory center", indicating its potential functions in pain process. Here, we discovered that HAP1 level was greatly increased in the dorsal horn and DRG under acute and chronic pain conditions. Lack of HAP1 obviously suppressed mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia in spared nerve injury (SNI)- and chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced pain. Its deficiency also greatly inhibited the excitability of nociceptive neurons. Interestingly, we found that suppressing HAP1 level diminished the membrane expression of the L-type calcium channel (Cav1.2), which can regulate Ca2+ influx and then influence BDNF synthesis and release. Furthermore, SNI-induced activation of astrocytes and microglia notably decreased in HAP1 deficient mice. These results indicate that HAP1 deficiency might attenuate pain responses. Collectively, our results suggest that HAP1 in dorsal horn and DRG neurons regulates Cav1.2 surface expression, which in turn reduces neuronal excitability, BDNF secretion and inflammatory responses and ultimately influences neuropathic pain progression.

Chronic musculoskeletal (MSK) pain is a prominent health concern, resulting in pain-related disability, loss of functioning, and high health care costs. Physiotherapy rehabilitation is a gold-standard treatment for improving functioning in youth with chronic MSK pain. However, increasing physical activity can feel unattainable for many adolescents because of pain-related fear and movement avoidance. Virtual reality (VR) offers an immersive experience that can interrupt the fear-avoidance cycle and improve engagement in physiotherapy. Despite promising initial findings, data are limited and often lack the rigor required to establish VR as an evidence-based treatment for MSK pain.

Autoantibodies against type I interferons (IFNs) occur in approximately 10% of adults with life-threatening COVID-19. The frequency of anti-IFN autoantibodies in children with severe sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection is unknown.

Hip reconstruction in patients with cerebral palsy (CP) is associated with. significant postoperative pain. However, adequate analgesia can be difficult to achieve. in this population due to spasticity, communication barriers, and postoperative. spasticity. Recently, multimodal pain management techniques such as epidurals and. regional nerve blocks have been described for postoperative pain control, but it is unclear if 1 technique is more beneficial. The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of different perioperative pain management techniques.

There is a lack of standardized definition and classification of primary posterior petrous meningiomas (PPM), with consequent challenges in comparing different case series. The aim of our study is to provide an anatomical description and classification of PPM analysing a homogenous series of patients operated via retrosigmoid approach (RSA).

Propofol total intravenous anesthesia is a common choice to anesthetize patients with increased intracranial pressure, reducing cerebral blood flow while maintaining cerebrovascular reactivity to CO. Propofol and alfaxalone are commonly used for total intravenous anesthesia in dogs, but the effects of alfaxalone on cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular reactivity to CO are unknown. Our hypothesis was that alfaxalone would not be significantly different to propofol, while isoflurane would increase cerebral blood flow and decrease cerebrovascular reactivity to CO. Six healthy hound dogs were evaluated in this randomized crossover trial. Dogs were anesthetized with 7.5mg/kg propofol, 3mg/kg alfaxalone or 8% sevoflurane, mechanically ventilated and maintained with propofol (400µg/kg/min), alfaxalone (150µg/kg/min) or 1.7% end-tidal isoflurane, respectively, with one week washout between treatments. Cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular reactivity to CO during hypercapnic and hypocapnic challenges were measured using arterial spin labelling and blood oxygen level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging sequences, respectively. Median (interquartile range, IQR) normocapnic cerebral blood flow was significantly lower (P=0.016) with alfaxalone compared to isoflurane, in the whole brain 15.39mL/min/100g (14.90-19.90mL/min/100g) vs. 34.10mL/min/100g (33.35-43.17mL/min/100g), the grey matter 14.57mL/min/100g (13.66-18.72mL/min/100g) vs. 32.37mL/min/100g (31.03-42.99mL/min/100g), the caudal brain 15.47mL/min/100g (13.37-21.45mL/min/100g) vs. 36.85mL/min/100g (32.50-47.18mL/min/100g) and the temporal lobe grey matter 18.80mL/min/100g (15.89-20.84mL/min/100g) vs. 43.32 (36.07-43.58mL/min/100g). Median (IQR) hypocapnic cerebrovascular reactivity to CO was significantly higher (P=0.016) for alfaxalone compared to isoflurane 8.85%S/mm Hg (6.92-10.44%S/mm Hg) vs. 3.90%S/mm Hg (3.80-4.33%S/mm Hg). Alfaxalone maintained lower cerebral blood flow and higher hypocapnic cerebrovascular reactivity to CO than isoflurane.

OX40 is crucial for T-cell differentiation and memory induction. The anti-OX40 antibody, rocatinlimab inhibits the OX40 pathway. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of rocatinlimab in adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis.

Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonists augment immune activity and have potential for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. We aimed to assess the safety and tolerability of RO7020531 (also called RG7854), a prodrug of the TLR7 agonist RO7011785, in healthy volunteers and patients with chronic HBV infection.

Placentophagia, ingestion of placenta and amniotic fluid, usually during parturition, is a behavioral feature of nearly all nonaquatic, placental mammals, and is a nexus for several interlocking behavioral phenomena. Placentophagia has not been typical of human cultures, but in recent years, some women in affluent societies have engaged in it, thereby bringing publicity to the behavior. First, we summarized benefits of placentophagia for nonhuman mammals, which include increased attractiveness of neonates, enhanced onset of maternal behavior, suppression of pseudopregnancy, and enhancement of opioid hypoalgesia by Placental Opioid-Enhancing Factor (POEF), a benefit that may extend well outside the context of parturition. The research on POEF in animals was discussed in detail. Then we discussed placentophagia (placentophagy) in humans, and whether there is validity to the claims of various benefits reported primarily in the pro-placentophagy literature, and, although human afterbirth shows POEF activity, the POEF effect has not yet been tested in humans. Finally, we discussed the general possible implications, for the management of pain and addiction, of isolating and characterizing POEF.