Comfrey (Symphytum officinale L., Boraginaceae) root preparations are used as both traditional remedies and therapeutic agents in treating pain and inflammation associated with joint, bone, and muscle ailments. Even though numerous phytochemicals contribute to the beneficial effects of comfrey, the presence of toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) overshadows its uses.
- Membership
- Publications
- Resources
- Education
- Events
- Outreach
- Global Year
- Pain Management, Research and Education in Low- and Middle-Income Settings
- Sex and Gender Disparities in Pain
- Integrative Pain Care
- Translating Pain Knowledge to Practice
- Back Pain
- Prevention of Pain
- Pain in the Most Vulnerable
- Pain Education
- Joint Pain
- Pain After Surgery
- Global Year Campaign Archives
- My Letter to Pain
- IASP Statements
- ICD-11 Pain Classification
- Global Alliance of Partners for Pain Advocacy (GAPPA)
- National, Regional, and Global Pain Initiatives
- International Pain Summit
- Pain Awareness Month
- Global Year
- Careers
- About
- For Pain Patients and Professionals