Neuromodulation

RESOURCES

Find lists of organizations and publications devoted to living with pain, research, clinical practice, and education.

General Resources and Search Strategies

• ClinicalTrials.gov
• TheISRCTN Register
• Failed Back Surgery Syndrome by Marc Russo, MBBS, DA(UK)FANZCA, FFPMFANZCA
• Intrathecal Drug Delivery Systems by Nancy Garcia; reviewed by Gladstone C. McDowell II, MD
• Painful Peripheral Neuropathy reviewed by Nick Christelis, MBBCH, FRCA
• Spinal Cord Stimulation by Simon Thomson, MBBS, FRCA, FIPP, FFPMRCA
• ASRA Neuromodulation Resources
• UCLA Neurosurgery Resources
• ANZCA Neuromodulation Resources
• QPain Resources
• National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
• The Evolution of Neuromodulation in the Treatment of Chronic Pain: Forward-Looking Perspectives
• Neuroenhancement Lab
• NEUROMODEC
• PAIN  
• NEUROMODULATION and Neural interface   
• Cochrane
• Frontiers

Publications and Online References

These academic journals and other publications focus on specific areas of pain research, treatment, education, and clinical practice.

• Research design considerations for randomized controlled trials of spinal cord stimulation for pain: IMMPACT/ION/INS recommendations
  Katz N, Dworkin RH, North R, Thomson S, Eldabe S, Hayek SM, et al
  Pain. 2021 Jul 1;162(7):1935-1956
• Effect of High-frequency (10-kHz) Spinal Cord Stimulation in Patients With Painful Diabetic Neuropathy
  Petersen EA, Stauss TG, Scowcroft JA, Brooks ES, White JL, Sills SM, et al
  JAMA Neurol. 2021 Jun 1;78(6):687-698
• Percutaneous Peripheral Nerve Stimulation (Neuromodulation) for Postoperative Pain: A Randomized, Sham-controlled Pilot Study
  Ilfeld BM, Plunkett A, Vijjeswarapu AM, Hackworth R, Dhanjal S, Turan A, et al
  Anesthesiology. 2021 Jul 1;135(1):95-110
• An implantable restorative-neurostimulator for refractory mechanical chronic low back pain
  Gilligan C, Volschenk W, Russo M, Green M, Gilmore C, Mehta V, et al
  PAIN 162(10):p 2486-2498, October 2021
• Application of a Psychological Decision Algorithm for the Selection of Patients Susceptible to Implantation of Neuromodulation Systems for the Treatment of Chronic Pain
  Monsalve V, de Andres JA, Valia JC
  Neuromodulation, Volume 3, Issue 4, P191-200, October 2000
• Patients' experience with and perspectives on neuromodulation for pain: a systematic review of the qualitative research literatura
  McCarron T, MacKean G, Dowsett L, Saini M, Clement F
  PAIN 161(8):p 1708-1715, August 2020
• Spinal cord stimulation for the treatment of neuropathic pain: expert opinion and 5-year Outlook
  Mark N. Malinowski, Sameer Jain, et al
  Expert Review of Medical Devices, 17:12, 1293-1302
• Resource Use and Cost of Subcutaneous Nerve Stimulation Versus Optimized Medical Management in Patients With Failed Back Surgery Syndrome: An Analysis of the SubQStim Study
  Colin Green PhD, Sam S. Eldabe et al
  Neuromodulation, Volume 24, Issue 6, P1033-1041, August 2021
• A Consensus Statement on Definition and Outlines for Patient Assessment", Pain Research and Management
  Philippe Rigoard, Kliment Gatzinsky, et al
  Pain Research and Management. Volume 2019, Article ID 3126464
• Does a screening trial for spinal cord stimulation in patients with chronic pain of neuropathic origin have clinical utility and cost-effectiveness (TRIAL-STIM)? A randomised controlled trial
  Eldabe S, Duarte RV, Gulve A, Thomson S, Baranidharan G, Houten R, et al
  Pain. 2020 Dec;161(12):2820-2829
• Analgesic Efficacy of "Burst" and Tonic (500 Hz) Spinal Cord Stimulation Patterns: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study
  Eldabe S, Duarte R, Gulve A, Williams H, Garner F, Brookes M, et al
  Neuromodulation. 2021 Apr;24(3):471-478
• The Unmet Need for Intrathecal Drug Delivery Pumps for the Treatment of Cancer Pain in England: An Assessment of the Hospital Episode Statistics Database
  Duarte RV, Sale A, Desai P, Marshall T, Eldabe S
  Neuromodulation. 2020 Oct;23(7):1029-1033

External Neuromodulation Bibliography

This bibliography was constructed with assistance from IASP members to help people with basic research into important pain topics:

Original Publications:

• Limited output transcranial electrical stimulation (LOTES-2017): Engineering principles, regulatory statutes, and industry standards for wellness, over-the-counter, or prescription devices with low risk
  Bikson M, Paneri B, Mourdoukoutas A, et al
  Brain Stimul. 2018, 11(1):134-57 PMID: 29122535
• Incomplete evidence that increasing current intensity of tDCS boosts outcomes
  Esmaeilpour Z, Marangolo P, Hampstead BM, et al
  Brain Stimul. 2018 Mar - Apr;11(2):310-321
• Automatic M1-SO montage headgear for transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) suitable for home and high-throughput in-clinic applications
  Knotkova H, Riggs A, Berisha D, Borges H, Bernstein H, Patel V, Truong D, Unal G, Arce D, Datta A, Bikson M
  Neuromodulation: Technology at Neural Interface 2019 Dec;22(8):904-910. PMID: 29762886
• At-Home transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) with telehealth support for symptom control in chronically ill patients with multiple symptoms
  Riggs A, Patel V, Paneri B, Portenoy RK, Bikson M, Knotkova H
  Frontiers in Behavioral Science 2018, 12:93-97
• Transcranial electrical stimulation nomenclature
  Bikson M, Esmaeilpour Z, Adair D, Kronberg G, Tyler WJ, Antal A, Datta A,Sabel BA, Nitsche MA, Loo C, Edwards D, Ekhtiari H, Knotkova H, Woods AJ, Hampstead BM, Badran BW, Peterchev AV
  Brain Stimul. 2019 Nov - Dec;12(6):1349-1366
• Effects of long-term transcranial direct current stimulation on cognitive function and cerebral glucose metabolism in Alzheimer’s disease: a 6-month prospective study
  Im JJ, Jeong H, Bikson M, Woods AJ, Unal G, Oh JK, Na S, Park JS, Knotkova H, Song IU, Chung YA
  Brain Stimul. 2019 Sep - Oct;12(5):1222-1228
• Modern technique for Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
  Borges H, Dufau A, Paneri B, Woods AJ, Knotkova H, Bikson M
  JOVE, 2020, Jan 3;(155)
• Supervised transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) at home: A guide for clinical research and practice
  Charvet LE, Shaw MT, Bikson M, Woods AJ, Knotkova H
  Brain Stimul. 2020;13(3):686‐693
• Guidelines for TMS/tES clinical services and research through the COVID-19 pandemic
  Bikson M, Hanlon CA, Woods AJ, et al
  Brain Stimul. 2020;13(4):1124‐1149
• Systematic review and meta-analysis of placebo/sham controlled randomised trials of spinal cord stimulation for neuropathic pain
  Duarte RV, Nevitt S, McNicol E, Taylor RS, Buchser E, North RB, Eldabe S
  PAIN: January 2020 - Volume 161 - Issue 1 - p 24-35
• Spinal cord stimulation in chronic neuropathic pain: mechanism of action, new locations and new paradigms
  Joosten EA, Franken G
  Pain 2020 Sep;161 Suppl 1(1):S104-S113
• Mechanisms and mode of action of spinal cord stimulation in chronic neuropathic pain
  Heijmans L, Joosten EA
  Postgrad Med. 2020 Nov;132(sup3):17-21
• Parameters of Spinal Cord Stimulation and Their Role in Electrical Charge Delivery: A Review
  Miller JP, Eldabe S, Buchser E, Johanek LM, Guan Y, Linderoth B
  Neuromodulation 2016 19: 373–384

Books

Knotkova, Nitsche, Bikson, Woods (eds): “Practical Guide to Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation: Principles, Procedures and Applications”, Springer Publishing, 2019.

Book Chapters

• Grossman P, Woods AJ, Knotkova H, Bikson M. Safety of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation. Ch 6 in Knotkova, Nitsche, Bikson, Woods (Eds): Practical guide to transcranial direct current stimulation – Principles, Procedures and Applications. Springer Publishing, 2019.
• Hamilton RH, Kessler SK, Fregni F, Loo C, Castillo L, Martin D, Knotkova H, and Woods AJ Methodological Considerations for tDCS in Clinical Trials. Ch 13 in Knotkova, Nitsche, Bikson, Woods (Eds): Practical guide to transcranial direct current stimulation – Principles, Procedures and Applications. Springer Publishing, 2019.
• Jaberzadeh S, Martin D, Knotkova H, Woods AJ: Methodological considerations for selection of tDCS approach, protocol and device. Ch 7 in Knotkova, Nitsche, Bikson, Woods (Eds): Practical guide to transcranial direct current stimulation – Principles, Procedures and Applications. Springer Publishing, 2019.
• Knotkova H, Nitsche MA, Polania R: tDCS modulation of neurophysiological functional outcomes - neurophysiological principles and rationale. Ch 5 in Knotkova, Nitsche, Bikson, Woods (Eds): Practical guide to transcranial direct current stimulation – Principles, Procedures and Applications. Springer Publishing, 2019.
• Knotkova H, L. Charvet, A. Riggs, M. Stevens, K. Krull, M. Bikson. Specifics of home-based patient-delivered remotely-supervised tDCS. Ch 14 in Knotkova, Nitsche, Bikson, Woods (Eds): Practical guide to transcranial direct current stimulation – Principles, Procedures and Applications. Springer Publishing, 2019.
• Knotkova H, J. Borckardt, A. Riggs, A. DaSilva. tDCS potential for pain management. Ch 19 in Knotkova, Nitsche, Bikson, Woods (Eds): Practical guide to transcranial direct current stimulation – Principles, Procedures and Applications. Springer Publishing, 2019.
• Nitsche M, Knotkova H, Woods AJ, Bikson M. Challenges, open questions and future direction in tDCS research and applications. Ch 22 in Knotkova, Nitsche, Bikson, Woods (Eds): Practical guide to transcranial direct current stimulation – Principles, Procedures and Applications. Springer Publishing, 2019.
• Woods AJ, Knotkova H, Riggs A, Truong D, Bikson M. Stimulation parameters and their reporting. Ch 8 in Knotkova, Nitsche, Bikson, Woods (Eds): Practical guide to transcranial direct current stimulation – Principles, Procedures and Applications. Springer Publishing, 2019.
• Katz, N., Dworkin, R.H., North, R., Thomson, S., Eldabe, S., Hayek, S.M., Kopell, B.H., Markman, J., Rezai, A., Taylor, R.S. and Turk, D.C., 2021. Research design considerations for randomized controlled trials of spinal cord stimulation for pain: IMMPACT/ION/INS recommendations. Pain.

Pain Outcomes Measurement

• IASP
• AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PAIN AND NEUROSCIENCE
• The American Society of Pain and Neuroscience (ASPN) Practical Guidelines to Study Design and Scientific Manuscript Preparation in Neuromodulation
  Eshraghi Y, Chakravarthy K, Strand NH, Shirvalkar P, Schuster NM, Abdallah RT, Vallejo R, Sayed D, Kim D, Kim C, Meacham K, Deer T
  J Pain Res. 2021;14:1027-1041
• INS 
• A Systematic Evaluation of Burst Spinal Cord Stimulation for Chronic Back and Limb Pain
  Saiyun Hou MD, PhD, Kenneth Kemp MD, Martin Grabois MD. 2016.
  Neuromodulation . 2016 Jun;19(4):398-405.
• Neuromodulation in intractable pain management: outcomes and predictors of revisions of spinal cord stimulators
  Bir SC, Konar S, Maiti T, Nanda A, Guthikonda B
  Neurosurgical Focus FOC, 40(5), E4
• Outcomes of sacral neuromodulation for chronic pelvic pain: a Finnish national multicenter study
  Zegrea A, Kirss J, Pinta T, et al
  Tech Coloproctol 24, 215–220 (2020)
• The Evolution of Neuromodulation in the Treatment of Chronic Pain: Forward-Looking Perspectives
  Fishman M, Antony A, Esposito M, Deer T, Levy R
  Pain Medicine, Volume 20, Issue Supplement_1, June 2019, Pages S58–S68
• Neuromodulatory treatments for chronic pain: efficacy and mechanisms
  Jensen M, Day M, Miró J
  Nat Rev Neurol 10, 167–178 (2014)

Cost-effectiveness of Neuromodulation in Pain

• Spine, Volume 42, Supplement 14
  Christian H, Jonathan R, Chengyuan W, Ashwini S
  SPINE 42():p S72-S79, July 15, 2017
• Cost Effectiveness of Intrathecal Therapy for Pain
  Mueller-Schwefe G, Hassenbusch SJ, Reig E
  Neuromodulation. Volume2, Issue2, April 1999 : 77-87
• A review of spinal cord stimulation systems for chronic pain
  Verrills P, Sinclair C, Barnard A
  J Pain Res. 2016; 9: 481–492
• Cost-effectiveness of stimulation of the sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) for the treatment of chronic cluster headache: a model-based analysis based on the Pathway CH-1 study
  Pietzsch JB, Garner A, Gaul C, May A
  J Headache Pain. 2015;16:530
• High-frequency 10 kHz Spinal Cord Stimulation for Chronic Back and Leg Pain: Cost-consequence and Cost-effectiveness Analyses
  Taylor RS, Bentley A, Campbell B, Murphy K
  Clin J Pain. 2020;36(11):852-861
• Cost-Effectiveness and Cost-Utility Analysis of Spinal Cord Stimulation in Patients With Failed Back Surgery Syndrome: Results From the PRECISE Study
  Zucco F, Ciampichini R, Lavano A, et al
  Neuromodulation. 2015;18(4):266-276
• Does a screening trial for spinal cord stimulation in patients with chronic pain of neuropathic origin have clinical utility and cost-effectiveness (TRIAL-STIM)? A randomised controlled trial
  Eldabe S, Duarte RV, Gulve A, et al
  Pain. 2020;161(12):2820-2829
• A Systematic Review of Economic Evaluations Reporting the Cost-Effectiveness of Spinal Cord Stimulation
  Niyomsri S, Duarte RV, Eldabe S, Fiore G, Kopell BH, McNicol E, Taylor RS
  Value Health. 2020 May;23(5):656-665

Multimedia

• ANZCA Neuromodulation Resources
• IEE.org
• UMICH Resources
• NIH Resources
• JAMA Neurology
• Neuromodulation PR Wires
• Kessler Foundation

Organizations

Additional organizations that specialize in pain research, treatment, clinical practice, and education.

• INS 
• European Medicines Agency (EMA)
• Food and Drugs Administration (FDA)
• Functional Neuromulation
• Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA)
• World Health Organisation (WHO)
• NICE 
• European Commission 
• IASP
• Ealio 
• ESCIRE
• NCBI 
• ESRA

Resources for Patients Living with Pain and Neuromodulation Devices

This list of resources may help individuals who are living with pain expecting treatment with neuromodulation.

• Neuromodulation FAQs
• Natural history of neuromodulation devices and therapies: a patient-centered survival analysis
• Neuromodulation Society of the United Kingdom and Ireland
• JAUNT
• QPain: Patient Experience
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients with Spinal Neurostimulation Systems
  De Andres J, Valía JC, Cerda-Olmedo G, Quiroz C, Villanueva V, Martinez-Sanjuan V, de Leon-Casasola O
  Anesthesiology. 2007 Apr;106(4):779-86
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients with Spinal Neurostimulation Systems
• Neurostimulation Devices for the Treatment of Neurologic Disorders