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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of primary headache and potential biomarkers in patients diagnosed with Hashimoto thyroiditis.

In neuropathic pain following peripheral nerve injury, microglia are rapidly activated and accumulated in the spinal cord. Physical exercise can alleviate neuropathic pain. However, the exact mechanism underlying this analgesic effect is not fully understood.

Dermoid cyst also called Mature cystic teratoma is the most common ovarian germ cell tumor of pre-menopausal females, composed of skin, hair, teeth, and sebum covered by thick fibrous tissue. It can present with complications like torsion, rupture, infection, and autoimmune hemolytic anemia. The case highlights the role of imaging in the diagnosis of ruptured dermoid cyst which can have subtle clinical features.

The aim of the study was to analyze if there was a link between chronic diseases, like cardiovascular disease (CVD) and osteoarthritis (OA), and obesity in the population of Saudi Arabia's Hail region.

The ongoing conflict in Ukraine continues to generate many complex traumatic injuries and provides unique challenges to anaesthesiologists who provide medical care at various levels of medical evacuation. We report the successful use of an ultrasound-guided continuous erector spinae plane (ESP) block in a patient with severe posterolateral chest trauma. The acute perioperative outcome of the patient was improved with the ESP block, the main benefits being excellent analgesia and minimal postoperative morphine requirements without influencing the risk of bleeding and coagulopathy. We conclude that continuous ESP block can be utilized to provide excellent analgesia following massive thoracic trauma. It's ease of placement under ultrasound guidance and low risk of complications makes this technique particularly useful in war medicine.

Vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy (VIPN) is the main side effect and major reason for neuropathic pain in cancer survivors treated with vincristine. Vincristine, a chemotherapeutic antimitotic drug, is used frequently in combination chemotherapy. The primary purpose of the current study was to assess the protective effect of sodium selenite (SSe) on VIPN in vitro. Cytotoxicity effects of vincristine were evaluated using PC12 cells as a neuronal model. The cell culture studies were conducted in three groups based on the various treatments, including vincristine, SSe, and co-exposure to both compositions. Cell viability and cell cycle analyses were performed using MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The level of mRNA expression of and was determined using qRT-PCR. According to the results, vincristine decreased the survival rate of PC12 cells. After 24 and 48 h exposure to different concentrations of vincristine (0.1-20 μΜ), the survival rate of PC12 cells decreased as compared to the control group. The results showed that treatment with 5 μΜ of vincristine resulted in apoptosis of PC12 cells. Interestingly,co-incubation of these cells with SSe significantly reduced the cell damage induced by vincristine. Furthermore, vincristine induced the inhibition of the G2 phase in PC 12 cells, and using SSe in combination with vincristine eliminated the inhibition of the cell cycle in the G2 phase. Briefly, our in vitro preliminary study showed that SSe might protect PC12 cells from vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy during chemotherapy.

The most widespread and dangerous mosquito-borne viral encephalitis is called Japanese encephalitis (JE). In India, the disease still mostly affects children. Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) attacks the central nervous system and causes fever, headache, vomiting, meningeal inflammation, and altered consciousness. Therefore, the focus of JE treatment is on symptom management, and thorough supportive care is crucial to prevent neurological sequelae. In the case study reported here, a five-year-old girl complained of loss of deglutition, loss of speech, diminished tone, and developmental milestone losses. Management was planned for the child using a rehabilitative approach that exclusively includes the use of a therapy ball along with standard physiotherapy protocol. Objectives created indicated that both preventing complications and facilitating recovery were important. The treatment protocol was provided for a period of four weeks. Modified Ashworth scale (MAS), manual muscle testing (MMT), and gross motor function measure (GMFM-88) were assessed pre- and post-treatment. This case report mentions the importance of the effectiveness of therapy ball in rehabilitation in patients with JE.

To study the various computed tomography (CT) cisternogram findings in idiopathic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks and the long term treatment modalities after surgical repair of idiopathic CSF leaks. This was a descriptive study conducted among 25 patients in MCV memorial ENT trust hospital, Pollachi between May 2014 and May 2020 amongst patients who underwent CT cisternogram for unilateral or bilateral spontaneous rhinorrhea with or without associated headache, visual disturbances and papilloedema diagnosed to be idiopathic CSF leak by investigations. These patients then underwent CSF leak repair and postoperatively were managed with weight reduction, low salt diet and diuretic therapy. Post surgery these patients were followed up for a period of 12 months and were evaluated on the basis of presence or absence of headache, rhinorrhea and papilloedema at the end of 1st month, 3rd month, 6th month and 1 year and data was collected. CT cisternogram findings were evaluated by proportion method and evaluation of long term management was done using proportion and repeated measures ANOVA for all patients. Evidence of the presence of previously mentioned CT cisternogram or contrast MRI findings at the end of 1 year of post-surgical treatment was recorded where patients were willing for the same. CT Cisternography was done for all patients and 72% patients had empty sella appearance while 28% had partially empty sella. Other findings included perioptic filling, optic blunting and arachnoid pits which were found in 11(44%), 8(32%) and 12(48%) of patients respectively. Only 3(12%) out of 25 patients had an encephalocoele. The commonest site of leak in CT cisternography was the cribriform plate (52%) followed by lateral recess of sphenoid (48%). None of the patients had multiple sites of leak in CT cisternography. On follow up post surgery maximum resolution of symptoms was found at the end of 12 months where 23 out of 25 patients improved. In our study, out of 25 only 5 patients agreed to undergo post diuretic therapy MRI scan out of which 2 patients had partially empty sella and 3 had normal sella indicating resolution of BIH. CT cisternography is an important investigation which aids in the diagnosis of CSF rhinorrhea due to idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). The medical management of IIH post surgery such as weight reduction, salt restriction and diuretic therapy is also crucial to prevent recurrence of symptoms.

Hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES), which is characterized by eosinophilia in the peripheral blood, often causes various organ disorders, including those of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The eosinophils play a key role in inflammation in eosinophilic GI disorders (EGIDs), including HES with GI involvement. Here, we report a case of HES with GI involvement that showed major basic proteins (MBPs) deposition in the absence of marked eosinophilic infiltration in the mucosa of the GI tract. An 11-year-old boy presented with nausea and epigastric pain for one week. He had a history of idiopathic HES with eosinophilic cystitis, diagnosed at the age of 2 years. He had been taking a low dose of corticosteroids for 9 years. The peripheral blood eosinophil count was 2,254/μL. Endoscopy revealed a swelling of the duodenal bulb mucosa. Histological findings of the duodenal mucosa revealed chronic inflammation, but no evidence of significant eosinophil infiltration and we could not diagnose him with HES with GI involvement or EGID. Immunofluorescent staining for MBP and galectin-10 was performed to detect intact and cytolytic eosinophils (eosinophil extracellular trap cell death: EETosis). Marked MBP deposition was evident in a small number of intact eosinophils in tissues from the duodenum, gastric antrum, and terminal ileum. The current case illustrates the utility of immunostaining for the detection of persistent eosinophilic inflammation, especially when cytolytic eosinophils are dominant.

The most typical condition of the liver in pregnancy is intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP). There is the occurrence of itching/pruritus together with a decline in liver function tests (LFTs) and frequently higher blood levels of total bile acids, which are used to make the diagnosis. ICP often shows symptoms during the third term of pregnancy and sometimes in the second term. After delivery, the disease's symptoms disappear on their own. It is still unclear what causes this disorder. It constitutes a hazard for the infant and is exceedingly stressful for the mother. Although relatively harmless for the expectant mother, ICP poses a significant risk to the unborn child. Preterm birth, meconium excreted in the amniotic fluid, respiratory distress syndrome, foetal distress and abrupt intrauterine foetal death are all risks seen in this disorder. It is still challenging to identify foetuses who are at risk for ICP issues. There needs to be a clear consensus on the best obstetrical care for ICPs. This review is done to brief the research on the foetal consequences of ICP and to discuss treatment strategies for its avoidance. Serum alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, direct bilirubin, total protein, and total bile acids were among the biochemical predictors. Blood tests that confirm obstetric cholestasis should alter the course of treatment. Ursodeoxycholic acid may be prescribed to affected individuals to cure itching and prevent the build-up of biliary components of maternal origin in the baby, which may increase the danger of foetal discomfort and stillbirth.